Dale's Cone of Experience

• Dale's Cone of Experience

  Illustrates a learning continuum from active participation to abstract symbol, observation
• Dale's Cone of Experience

  • Recognizes diverse sensory learning degrees and the necessity for varied approaches in different situations
• Levels of Dale's Cone of Experience

  • Verbal Symbols
  • Visual Symbols
  • Motion Pictures
  • Recordings, Radio, and Still
  • Exhibits
  • Educational Television
  • Demonstration
  • Field Trips
  • Dramatize Experience
  • Contrive Experience
  • Direct Purposeful Experience
• Verbal Symbols


  Written (more abstract) or spoken (less abstract) like technologies, rule, formulas, and other similar concepts
• Visual Symbols


  Drawings, cartoon, strip drawings, diagrams, formulas, charts, graphics, maps, and globes
• Motion Pictures


  A sequence of images shown in rapid succession to create the illusion of moving objects
• Recordings, Radio, and Still


  Can be often understood by those who can't read. It is also helpful to student who can't deal with motions or pace of real events or television
• Exhibits


  Visual materials that are relatively static and do not involve any motion or interactivity
• Educational Television


  Using television programs or broadcasts as a medium for education and learning
• Demonstration


  Instructional activities where a teacher or facilitator shows learners how something is done or how a process works
• Field Trips


  Firsthand experiences that involve visiting real places or environments outside of the classroom or usual learning setting
• Dramatize Experience


  Role-playing, enactments, or dramatic scenarios to engage learners
• Contrive Experience


  Simulated or artificially created situations to mimic real experiences
• Direct Purposeful Experience


  The most concrete and direct form of learning experience. It involves hands-on activities or direct interactions with real objects, phenomena, or situations
• Three-Fold Analysis of Experience

  Enactive, Iconic, Symbolic
• Enactive


  Involves the use of actions, movements, and physical experiences to make sense of the world
• Iconic


  Involves the use of images, pictures, mental representations, and visual-spatial information to make sense of the world
• Symbolic


  Involves the use of language, symbols, signs, and abstract concepts to make sense of the world
• Multimedia Cone of Abstraction (MCoA)


  Focuses on learning experiences based on media components and level of abstractions required by users
• Levels of Multimedia Cone of Abstraction


  • Symbol
  • Text
  • Narration
  • Non-Verbal Audio
  • Images
  • Video
  • Virtual Reality
• Symbol


  The most abstract level and requires special prior knowledge by the learner for interpretation. Includes visual and verbal symbols
• Text


  Verbal form that refers to written words, such as a bulleted list or a textbook
• Narration


  Verbal (auditory) form using spoken language with no images or text
• Non-Verbal Audio


  Sounds other than narration, including real and simulated audio
• Images


  Static graphics in multiple formats, including photographs and drawings
• Video


  User often has control over the speed and timing of a video display
• Virtual Reality


  The lowest and the least abstract level, including real and simulated forms
• DALE'S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

  Verbal Symbols

  Visual Symbols

  Radio Recordings Still Pictures

  Motion Pictures

  Exhibits

  Field Trips

  Demonstrations

  Dramatic Participation

  Contrived Experiences

  Direct, Purposeful Experiences