Music

• Peking Opera is also known as Beijing Opera performed by means speech, singing, mime, and acrobatics through an instrumental accompaniment.
• Became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century
• Has two categories: civil plays and martial arts
• It was initially performed solely with men, but all the genders have been allowed to perform since the 1930s.
• Two styles of music: Erh-huang which has lower sound, steady, deep tunes and His-p’l which has high sound, high pitched
• They also utilized the technique called FanPan which is commonly used for sorrowful songs.
• Aerophone - A musical instruments in which a vibrating mass of air produces initial sound. Ti-Ts: Cross flutes – Usually played along with singing Siao: Recorded flutes – Usually played along with singing Sona: Trumpet announces prosperous occasions
• Chordophone: A musical instruments in which a stretched, vibrating string produces the initial sound. Violin Like: Hu-ch’in: Two stringed instruments Bu-ch’in: Two stringed instruments Guitar Like: Yue-ch’in: Four stringed instruments San-sien: Three stringed instruments Pi-P’a: Similar to lute with four strings
• Idiophone: A musical instruments that create sound through vibrating themselves Ta-lo & Siao-lo: Gongs – signify the beginning of the performance. Tan-Pi-Ku: Kettle Drum – Used to create the tempo of the performance.
• Wayang refer to kinds of puppet theaters, sometimes the puppet itself is referred to as wayang. Kulit means skin, and refers to the leather construction of the puppets that are carefully shaped with very fine tools.
• The stories are usually drawn from the hindu epics Ramayana, Mahabharata and Serat Menak.
• Wayang Kulit is made from Water Buffalo Skin.
• The puppeteer, Dhalang (Java) / Dalang (Bali)
• A hammer used by the Dalang to knock on the puppet box, Cempala
• Metal plates that the dalang hits with his foot, Kepyak
• A traditional Indonesian orchestra, Gamelan
• Shadow puppets, Wayang Kulit
• A light source, Blencong
• • A screen frame and screen, Gawang and Kelir; The main focus of the performance
• Banana logs, Gedebog a wayang base handle to hold the puppets
• A puppet box, Kothak
• DALANG - He is characterized by his being creative, humorous, and flexible, manipulates the puppets, sings, and taps out signals to the orchestra. He also speaks the parts of all the characters. The use of voice interchangeably is the main ability of a dalang to give more life to a different character The dalang also sings the mood songs (suluk) at regular intervals during performance; he may sing fifty or sixty songs.
• SARON ➢ It has seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame (rancak). ➢ Usually about 20 cm (8 in) high. ➢ Played on the floor by a seated performer.
• GENDER ➢ It consists of 10-14 tuned metal bars suspended over a tuned resonator of bamboo or metal ➢ Tapped with a mallet made of wooden disks (Bali) or a padded wooden disk (Java)
• BONANG ➢ It is a collection of small gongs (sometimes called "kettles" or "pots"). ➢ placed horizontally onto strings in a wooden frame (rancak), either one or two rows wide. ➢ One of the most important instruments in ensemble ➢ It gives many cues to other players in the gamelan
• KEMPUL ➢ Has a flat surface with a protruding knob at the center. ➢ played by hitting the knob with the "soft end of a mallet. ➢ Made of bronze, wood and cords. Also known as hanging gongs
• KENONG ➢ A set of 6 gongs that resemble the bonang. ➢ These are a close relative to the bonang, but larger in size ➢ Single inverted bronze bowls
• GAMBANG ➢ A xylophone with 20 nearly rectangular wooden keys (wilah) made from a straightgrained hardwood ➢ Also known as Wooden Xylophone
• REBAB ➢ An essential elaborating instrument, ornamenting the basic melody. ➢ Javanese bowed spike-lute chordophone.
• SULING ➢ End blown flute is used in gamelan orchestras throughout Indonesia
• KENDHANG ➢ One of the primary instruments used in the gamelan ensembles of Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese music ➢ Horizontal drum beat with the fingers on both end.