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• Digital Literacy

  An important part of information literacy because so much of the information available now is from digital media
• Fields influenced by digital media

  • Academic research
  • Online education
  • E-commerce
  • Online games
  • News & entertainment media
  • Public information
• Digital Resources


  Sources of information that are available in electronic or digital format
• Types of Digital Resources

  • Multimedia Resources
  • Interactive Resources
  • Emerging Technology
• Multimedia Resources


  • Use more than one medium, commonly combine audio and video (e.g. email, video conferencing)
• Interactive Resources


  • More sophisticated, "reader-centered" and respond to user movement (e.g. quizzes, ebooks, websites)
• Emerging Technology


  • Latest advancements in technology impacting media and society (e.g. AI, cybersecurity, internet of things)
• Three Competencies of Digital Literacy

  • To Use
  • To Create
  • Digital Citizenship
• To Use


  Survival skills in a digital environment, foundation for being an intelligent and responsible contributor
• To Create


  Using technology to share information after understanding it
• Digital Citizenship


  Ability to engage positively, critically and competently in the digital environment, drawing on skills of effective communication and creation, to practice forms of social participation that are respectful of human rights and dignity through the responsible use of technology
• Digital Citizens


  People who give us access to a new kind of global connectedness
• Political Economy


  Study that deals with how issues of ownership affect media
• Newsrooms are places where journalists discuss and decide on the stories that should matter to the public
• Complex terms are not simplified
• Accuracy is sacrificed
• Stories are not contextualized
• Stories are tackled from a limited number of perspectives
• Data plays a crucial role in the evaluation and decision-making that may eventually lead to big changes that would influence other sectors of society
• Strengthening of the peso

  Prices of imported goods and services will rise, especially for oil
• Stock market reporting is one of the most intense jobs in business journalism
• One of the dangers of reporting on the stock market is the tendency of some reporters to make it sound appealing and headline-worthy
• Media must encourage their audience to become more critical in consuming, using, and creating information
• The press is traditionally referred to as the "fourth estate"
• It has been increasingly difficult for the media, especially the news media, to function as the watchdog of the people
• Politicians are immediately assigned credibility
• Media are used by politicians to shape their public image and get the exposure needed to reach voters
• Errant politicians tend to blame the media whenever their wrongdoings are exposed
• The trend of broadcasting 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (the so-called "24/7" schedule) began with the American television news channel, Cable News Network, more popularly known as CNN
• ABS-CBN started the trend with the Sarimanok News Network on cable, a channel that featured developing stories from Metro Manila and the provinces
• GMA also began airing news on Q-TV on UHF (ultra high frequency). It stopped operations in 2011 to pave the way for GMA News TV. News channels sprung like mushrooms, and most of these are owned by religious organizations
• The main objective of newspaper reporters, back in the days before the Internet, was to get a "scoop"a story that nobody else has
• A number of journalists, for example, have prematurely announced the death of persons still fighting for their lives, and news organizations have reported events that never happened or published statements that were never said because of the desire tto be first
• According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, there have been 77 killings in the Philippines since 1992 (as of this writing). Most of these killings are due to work by journalists on the issue of politics (61%), corruption (43%), crime (25%), human rights (6%), business (3%) and war (1%). Many cases remain unsolved
• The culture of corruption is deeply entrenched in Philippine mainstream media and takes many forms. The very nature of a reporter's job makes them vulnerable to it, as they are overworked, underpaid, and occasionally subject to unfair labor practices
• Bias

  A particular tendency, trend, feeling or opinion, especially one that is preconceived or unreasoned
• With the advent of such easily available technologies as cell phones with cameras and social media sites, anyone can become a reporter
• A content consumer should always practice due diligence in checking and cross-referencing any content or information that they encounter
• Risks associated with viewing content on, or downloading content from dubious sources on the Internet, which could result in being affected by technological threats like viruses, Trojans, and the like
• Copyright

  The legal protection extended to the owner of the rights in an original work