Science 10

• Alfred Wegener


  Created the Continental Drift Theory German Meteorologist and Geophysicist that died at 50
• Antonio Pelligrini


  Helped create the Continental Drift Theory
• Pangea


  all lands or all earth
• Pangea split into

  Laurasia and Gondowana
• Laurasia

  North America and Eurasia
• Gondowana


  South America, Africa, India, Australia, Antarctica
• Evidences of the Continental Drift Theory

  Continents fit like a jigsaw puzzle

  similarities of fossils in different continents

  evidences from landforms

  location of coal deposits

  glacial scars
• Harry H. Hess


  Created Seafloor Spreading Theory, was a professor of Geology at Princeton, worked with a SONAR
• Seafloor Spreading Theory


  discovery of Mid-Atlantic ridges being warmer than the surfaces away which means seafloor was spreading
• Crust


  thinnest most outer layer of the Earth made up of silicon and aluminum
• Continental Crust


  35-40km thick made up of less dense rocks, Granite
• Oceanic Crust


  7-10km thick, made up of dense rocks, Basalt
• Upper Mantle

  410km thick
• Lithosphere


  Solid, outer part of the mantle and crust
• Asthenosphere


  Denser, weaker layer, temperature is high enough to melt rocks
• Transition Zone


  rocks do not melt but crystalline structure change, it becomes denser
• Outer Core


  Creates the Magnetic Field, made up of molten metal about 4700 degrees, 1400 miles thick, composed of nickel and iron
• Inner Core

  Solid, mostly iron, 6650 degrees due to radioactive decay of uranium
• Mohorovic Discontinuity


  by Andrija Mohorovicic, boundary between Upper Mantle and Crust
• Andrija Mohorovicic


  a Croatian Meteorologist and Seismologist
• Gutenberg Discontinuity


  by Beno Gutenberg, boundary between Outer Core and Lower Mantle
• Beno Gutenberg


  an Amrican-German Seismologist
• Lehmann Discontinuity


  by Inge Lehmann, boundary between Inner Core and Outer Core
• Inge Lehmann


  a Danish Seismologist
• Plate Tectonics


  are gigantic pieces of the Earth's Crust and Uppermost Mantle
• 'tekton'


  Greek word meaning builder
• Divergent


  tectonic plates move apart from each other
• Oceanic - Oceanic (Divergent)

  creates mid-atlantic ridges, volcanic activity, shallow earthquakes, creation of new seafloor and ocean basin
• Continental - Continental (Divergent)


  creates continental rift valleys which thins the crust
• Convergent

  destructive boundary where two or more plates collide and one plate subducts beneath
• Oceanic - Oceanic (Convergent)


  Denser plate subducts, forms basaltic volcanic islands and trenches
• Oceanic - Continental (Convergent)


  creates volcanic arcs which release lava, oceanic plates subducts
• Continental - Continental (Convergent)


  forms mountain ranges
• Transform


  slides sideways past each other, plates are neither created nor destroyed, causes earthquakes and faults, no volcanic eruptions
• Fault


  a place where there is a long break in the rock that forms the surface, where earthquakes happen
• Faults in the Philippines

  Bangui, Infanta, Sibuyan, Central Leyte, Eastern Mindoro, Digdig, Guinayagan, Masbate, Lianga, Mati
• Earthquake


  shaking or trembling of the Earth caused by a fault
• Normal Fault


  dip-slip fault, one block moves up and one moves down
• Reverse Fault


  the upper block moves down while the lower block moves up
• Strike Slip Fault


  blocks have moved horizontally