Psychia

• Treatment Modalities

  A process in which a person enters into contract to interact with a therapist to relieve symptoms, resolve problems in living, seek personal growth
• Individual Therapy


  • Confidential relationship between client and therapist
• Hypnotherapy


  Involves various methods and techniques to induce trance state where the patient becomes submissive to instructions
• Humor Therapy


  Use of humor to facilitate expression of feelings and to enhance interaction
• Psychoanalysis


  Focuses on the exploration of the unconscious, to facilitate identification of the patient's defenses
• Group Therapy


  • Minimum number: 3
  • Ideal number: 8-10
• Advantages of Group Therapy

  • Decreases isolation
  • Decreases dependence
  • Develops coping skills
  • Develops interpersonal learning
  • Develops opportunities for helping others
  • Develops ability to listen to other members
• Remotivation Therapy


  Promotes expression of feeling through interaction facilitated by discussion of neutral topic
• Remotivation Therapy


  Promotes expression of feeling through interaction facilitated by discussion of neutral topic
• Family therapy


  A method in which family members gain insight into the problems, improve communication, and improve functioning of individual members as well as the family as a whole
• Psychodrama therapy


  Patients dramatizes their emotional problems in a group setting
• Family therapy


  • Family members gain insight into the problems
  • Improve communication
  • Improve functioning of individual members as well as the family as a whole
  • Focuses on the total family as an interactional system
• Family therapy


  • It focuses on the total family as an interactional system
• Recreational therapy


  Uses activities which vitalize the patient's interest and help him or her to relax and feel refreshed
• Behavior Therapy


  A mode of treatment that focuses on modifying observable (overt) and quantifiable behavior
• Milieu Therapy


  A therapeutic environment is organized to encourage and assist the client to control problematic behavior and function within the range of social norms
• Recreational therapy


  • Playing baseball may be prescribed as a means of expressing hostility in a group
• Behavior Therapy


  • Positive reinforcement
  • Negative reinforcement
• Play therapy


  Effective for children suffering from maladjustment or behavior disorder, where the child is usually placed in a play room to discover the causes of the child's conflict through observation of their play and to interpret it to the child
• Occupational therapy


  Uses any mental or physical activity prescribed or guided to aid an individual's recovery from a disease or injury
• Systematic manipulation of the environment and variables

  Thought to be functionally related to the behaviors
• Recreational therapy


  Uses activities which vitalize the patient's interest and help them to relax and feel refreshed, such as playing baseball as a means of expressing hostility in a group
• Milieu Therapy


  • A therapeutic environment is organized to encourage and assist the client to control problematic behavior
  • Function within the range of social norms
• Limit Setting


  • Therapist gives an advanced warning of the limit and the consequences will follow if the client does not adhere to the limit
  • The consequences should occur immediately after the client has exceeded the limit
  • Consistency must occur with all personnel
• Play therapy


  • Effective for children suffering from maladjustment or behavior disorder
  • The child is usually placed in a play room
  • Purpose is to discover the causes of the child's conflict through observation of his play and to interpret it to the child
• Occupational therapy


  Uses any mental or physical activity prescribed or guided to aid an individual's recovery from a disease or injury
• Purposes of Limit Setting

  • Minimizes manipulation and splitting of the staff
  • Provide a framework for the client to function in and enable a client to learn to make requests
• Musical therapy


  • Involving the music which allows the child or adolescent to express herself or himself
  • Also effective with those who have difficulty communicating
• Systematic Desensitization


  • Clients are exposed slowly to a feared object or a thing that inhibits anxious responses and taught ways to relax
  • Effective in treating phobias
• Art therapy


  Clients are encouraged to express their feelings or emotions by painting, drawing or sculpture
• Implosive therapy


  The clients are exposed abruptly to intense forms of anxiety producers, either in imagination or in real life
• Cognitive Behavior therapy


  Uses confrontation as a means of helping the clients restructure or rearrange insational beliefs, maladaptive thinking, perception, and behaviors
• Cognitive Behavior therapy


  • Used for depression and adjustment difficulties
• Biofeedback


  Teaches the client to control or change aspects of their internal environment
• Aversion therapy


  Uses unpleasant or noxious stimuli to change inappropriate behavior
• Aversion therapy


  • Antabuse to treat alcoholics
  • Showing films to drivers who are arrested for speeding or driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs
• Assertiveness Training


  • Clients are encouraged and taught how to appropriately relate to others
  • Teaches the individual to ask for what is beneficial to both mentally ill and mentally healthy persons
• Token-economy


  Utilizes the principle of rewarding desired behavior to facilitate change
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)


  • Treatment that involves inducing a seizure to improve depression
  • Exact mechanism is unknown
  • Requires a consent
  • Usually given at 70-150 volts for about 2-8 seconds
  • Effectiveness: 6-12 treatments with at least 48 hour interval
  • Indicator of effectiveness: tonic-clonic seizure
• Contraindications


  • Fever
  • Increased ICP
  • Unhealed fracture
  • Cardiac conditions
  • Retinal detachment
  • TB with history of hemorrhage
  • Pregnancy