Food Trip

• Food is a substance that consists of chemical substances used by any living organism to sustain growth
• Glycogen is the storage form of glucose that is converted into energy
• If the body continuously uses this energy the body will lose muscle mass
• Hunger is the desire to eat or the urgent need for food
• The gurgling fluid and gas movements in the intestines can be heard referred to as borborygmus
• The pancreas produces a chemical called insulin, then the hormone leptin
• This awareness that you are full and should stop eating is called satiety
• Fiber or cellulose is a type of carbohydrates or the indigestible material found in the plant products, providing the bulk of the contents in the stomach and intestines
• Hemorrhoids are clusters of enlarged veins around the lower rectum and anus
• Peristalsis refers to the involuntary, rhythmic wave-like contractions of the esophagus stomach and intestines that propel food downward
• Amino acids is the organic compounds that form the building blocks of proteins that are necessary for the growth and repair of tissue cells
• Proteins may also be a source of energy and are necessary components in the formation of antibodies to fight diseases
• Fats can provide more energy than carbohydrates and proteins—they also acts as insulators in the body that help regulate body temperature
• Vitamins are essential in maintaining the body's biological functions
• A natural substance in the skin called ergosterol is the precursor of vitamin D
• The lack of calcium can lead to a condition known as osteoporosis which is characterized by weak and brittle bones
• Cell division is a process that cells go through to survive
• Body cells undergo a type of cell division called mitosis
• Sex cells or gametes undergo meiosis
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell and is bounded by a nuclear membrane containing the genetic material— DNA
• Centriole is a small cylindrical structure in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotes
• The cell cycle is a complex process involving special proteins that control the switching on and off of the four phases
• Tumor protein is a protein that blocks the cycle if the DNA damaged
• If the DNA too damaged, this may lead to cell death or apoptosis
• During metaphase, chromosomes migrate randomly and line up towards the equator
• In anaphase, the sister chromatids that make up the duplicated chromosomes separate and move toward the opposite ends
• The food hat has been truly digested mechanically and chemically is now a semi liquid mass called chyme    
• Intestinal villi are tiny hair like projections that protrude from the lining of the intestinal wall and absorb nutrients from food
• The first section of the small intestine— the duodenum receives partially digested food from the stomach and secretes hormones that signal the liver and the pancreas to release their secretions
• The second and longest section is the jejunum, this is where absorption mainly takes place
• The last section is the ileum, where vitamin B12 and bile salts specifically, are absorbed
• Alpha cells produce glucagon
• The beta cells produced insulin
• The delta cells produce somatostatin  
• Insulin controls blood sugar level by lowering the amount of glucose in the blood
• Glucagon is the opposite of insulin; it raises the amount of focus in blood when needed by the body
• Somatostatin inhibits or suppresses further production of digestive enzymes in the pancreas
• After the food has been broken down into its simplest form, it is absorbed by the body through the small intestine and eventually into the bloodstream in the process called assimilation
• Ingestion is the journey of taking in food into the body through the mouth
• Digestion is the process that involves the breakdown of large food molecules into smaller molecules for easy absorption