Taxonomy

• Review

  • Panthera leo
  • Felis catus
  • Musca domestica
• Levels of taxonomic hierarchy

  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Domain


  Largest among all level of hierarchy
• Kingdom


  Encompasses large groups such as plants, animals and many more
• Phylum


  Subgroup within the kingdom
• Class


  Subgroup within a phylum
• Order


  Subgroup within a class
• Family


  Subgroup within an order
• Genus


  Subgroup within family; each genus is made up of species with uniquely shared traits
• Species


  Defined as unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreeding
• Domain


  • Includes a much larger group of organisms
  • These groups are separated by whether or not an organized nucleus is present
• Kingdom


  • It is much more specific and it takes the combination of several characteristics to group these organisms
• Archaebacteria

  • Unicellular
  • Prokaryotes
  • Ancient bacteria
  • Cells don't have peptidoglycan
  • Mostly extremophiles
  • Some are autotrophs, some are heterotrophs
• Kingdom Eubacteria

  
  

  • Prokaryotes
  • Unicellular
  • Cells have peptidoglycan
  • Survives almost anywhere
  • Autotrophs, heterotrophs or chemoautotrophs
  • True bacteria & blue-green algae
• Kingdom Protista

  • Eukaryotes
  • Plant-like, animal-like & fungus-like organisms
  • Mostly unicellular, few are colonial and multicellular
  • Mostly aquatic
  • Some are autotrophs, some are heterotrophs
• Kingdom Fungi

  • Mostly multicellular, very few unicellular
  • All are heterotrophs
  • Form spores for reproduction
  • The cell wall contains chitin
  • Breaks down organic material
  • Provides drugs and aids in food production
  • Model organism in genetics & molecular biology
  • Causes animal & plant diseases
• Kingdom Plantae

  • Multicellular
  • Autotrophs
  • Cells are enclosed by a rigid cell wall
  • Has chlorophyll
  • Producers
  • 2 major groups: Bryophytes, Tracheophytes
• Kingdom Animalia

  • Multicellular
  • Heterotrophs
  • Consumers
  • Biggest kingdom in living world
  • 2 major groups: Invertebrates, Vertebrates
• Kingdoms


  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Protista
  • Animalia
  • Eubacteria
  • Archaebacteria
• Porifera


  • Means pore-bearing
  • Comprises the sponges
  • Sponges are simple invertebrate animals that live in aquatic habitats
• Cnidaria


  • Comes from Greek word cnidos (stinging nettle)
  • All cnidarians are armed with stinging cells called nematocysts
• Mollusca


  • 2nd largest phylum of invertebrate
  • Members are mollusks
  • Found in nearly all freshwater & marine environments while others are in land
• Platyhelminthes


  • Other term is flatworm
  • Group of soft bodied usually much flattened invertebrates
  • 80% are parasitic
• Echinodermata


  • Contains animals with a "spiky skin"
  • Found in all of the world's oceans and are strictly salt water animals
  • Voracious predators
  • Have specialized tiny tube feet located on their bodies that contains suction cups on their tips
• Chordata


  • Contains all of the vertebrate animals (fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians & mammals)
  • As well as a couple of invertebrates (see squirt)
• Arthropoda


  • Largest animal phylum
  • Contains all insects, crabs, lobsters, spiders & scorpions
  • Their general characteristics includes jointed legs & an exoskeleton