Social Relationship

• Personal relationship


  The degree of intimacy and vulnerability we offer to other people
• Social relationship


  We learn to cooperate with others in achieving a common objective
• Social relationships are broadly defined as any relationship or interaction between two or more individuals
• Social relationships are formally established for the betterment of society and individuals and may demand certain levels of loyalty
• Social influence (Rashotte)


  Things such as behavior, actions, attitude, concepts, ideas, communications, wealth, and other resources that bring about changes in the beliefs, attitudes, and/or behaviors of persons as a result of the action of another person
• Relationships that influence an adolescent


  • Parental relationships
  • Peer relationships
  • Community, society and culture
• When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent-child conflict and a decrease in cohesive familial bonding
• Adolescents who have a good relationship with their parents are less likely to engage in various risky behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, and unprotected sex
• As adolescents work to form their identities, they pull away from their parents, and the peer group becomes very important
• Influence of peers


  • Positive influence: develop social skills, academic motivation, and performance
  • Negative influence: peer pressure
• The community and society contributed a lot to the child's development process; because of that, the community and society greatly influenced the adolescents' relationships
• Certain characteristics of adolescent development are more rooted in culture than in human biology or cognitive structures
• Culture is learned and socially shared
• Culture affects all aspects of an individual's life
• Compliance


  When a person seems to agree and follows what is requested or required of him or her to do or believe in, but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it
• Identification


  When a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or looks up to like a movie star, a social celebrity or a superhero
• Internalization


  When a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly and privately
• Conformity


  A type of social influence that involve a change in behavior, belief, or thinking to be like others. It is the most common and pervasive form of social influence
• Conversion


  Occurs when an individual whole-heartedly changes his or her original thinking and beliefs, actions and attitudes to align with those of the other members of a group
• Minority influence


  Happens when a bigger number of people are influenced by much smaller number or people and when the minority's way of looking at and doing things are accepted
• Reactance


  Is when there is a willing rejection of a social influence being exerted on an individual or group. This is also known as anti-or non-conformity
• Obedience


  Is another form of social influence wherein a person follows what someone tells him or her to do although it may not necessarily reflect the person's set of beliefs or values
• Persuasion


  Is used by one person or group to influence another to change their beliefs, action, or attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion
• Leadership


  The action of leading a group of people or an organization
• Leadership is a relationship among leaders and followers, which is influential in effecting change and realizing common goals
• Existing theories of leadership

  • Traits theory
  • Behavioral theory
  • Participative theory
  • Situational theory
  • Transactional theory
  • Transformational theory
• Leadership is relational - Leaders and followers establish a relationship where their interests are mutually met
• Leadership is not hierarchical - The exercise of leadership is not based on one's position in an organizational chart alone, but also dependent on other factors such as characteristics, skills, and even connections
• Social Psychology research in conformity tends to distinguish between two varieties: information conformity ( internalization in Kelman’s theory term) and normative conformity ( compliance in Kelman’s term
• Reactance

  Is a reverse reaction to some social influence that is being imposed by a person or a group on another
• Similar to compliance, obedience usually stems from either respect or fear of the authority figure.
• According to Hogg and Vaughan ( 2011 ) , the person who influences you has the power to change you because you tend to imitate some of his or her personality traits. Such power is referent power, or identification with, attraction to, or respect for the source of influence
• Chester Barnard ( 1983 ) defined leadership as the ability of a person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieve
• LEADER (PINUNO)


  Often typecast as someone who is the head of a group of people by virtue of having great strength and wisdom, or may have inherited a position of power even if strength and wisdom were not part of his person's
• Leadership styles observed by Lippit and White


  • Autocratic Leadership
  • Laissez-Faire Leadership
  • Democratic Leadership
• Autocratic Leadership


  • Centralizes authority
  • Derives control from position
  • Controls rewards
  • Uses coercion to make group members follow
  • Focuses exclusively on the task at hand
• Autocratic Leadership


  • Results in a hostile, dependent and self-oriented group environment
  • Associated with high productivity when the leader is present
• Laissez-Faire Leadership


  • Leader leaves the group to its own capacity to finish its tasks
  • Intervenes minimally
  • Creates a friendly, group-centered yet play-oriented atmosphere
  • Associated with low productivity
• Democratic Leadership


  • Delegates authority to others
  • Asks for suggestions
  • Discusses plans with members
  • Depends on the respect of members for influence
• Democratic Leadership


  • Democratic leaders have been proven to be liked and admired more than autocratic and laissez-faire leaders
  • Creates an atmosphere that is open and not hostile, task oriented and group centered
  • Associated with high productivity