lecture 5 bioentrep

• Bioindustry


  Companies involved in the research & development, manufacture of materials, and service organizations (consulting, testing, processing, storage of such products) for health, industry, agriculture, and environment
• Bioentrepreneurship


  Entrepreneurship in the biotechnology industry
• Biotechnology-based industry or bioindustry


  • Includes companies involved in the research & development, manufacture of materials, and service organizations (consulting, testing, processing, storage of such products) for health, industry, agriculture, and environment
• Global biotechnology market revenue, by application: Biopharmacy 62.10%, Bioservices 24.70%, BioAgriculture 7.50%, Bioindustrial 5.50%
• Entrepreneur


  A person who organizes and manages a business or industrial undertaking
• Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology


  The process of starting and building a biotechnology business
• Need to Protect Technologies (products and processes)


  • Intellectual property rights given by the law to protect economic investments in creative effort
  • Usually conferred by legislation
  • Encourage creativity by giving creator an incentive of limited exclusive exploitation
  • Provide opportunity to creator to recover investments by providing him limited monopoly
• Types of IPRs


  • Copyright
  • Trademarks
  • Geographic marks and appellations of origin
  • Industrial designs
  • Trade secret
  • Patents
• Patents


  • Inventiveness: Invention not discovery, must be result of human ingenuity and research
  • Novel
  • Must have industrial application
  • Must be disclosed
• Patents


  • Territoriality: Should be applied and approved in specific countries
  • Time-bound: Have expiry date, usually after 20 years after filing of all requirements
• Robert Swanson, 29, a venture capitalist & Herbert Boyer, 40, a biochemist (co-inventor with Cohen of recombinant DNA technology) established Genentech in 1976
• Genentech won race vs UC San Francisco and Harvard to develop recombinant human insulin and got contract with Eli Lilly; Got FDA approval for its insulin product 'Humulin' in 1982
• As of 2002, 120 biotech health products in the market. As of 2015, >400 biotech health products
• Ten Deals that changed Biotech: Eli Lilly and Genentech sign a pact to develop recombinant human insulin, 1978; Kirin and Amgen link up to develop erythropoietin (EPO), 1984
• Fermentation industry profile: Antibiotics, Organic acids, Amino acids, Enzymes, Polysaccharides, Vitamins; USD 24.3 bn in 2015, USD 35.1 bn in 2020, compound annual growth rate of 7.7% from 2015 to 2020
• Atryn, an anticlotting drug from GTC Biotherapeutics, was the first biopharm drug approved by the European Medicines Agency (June 2006) and US FDA (2009) - produced in the milk of goats
• Kanuma, a treatment for a rare disease, lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency, was the second biopharm drug approved by the US FDA in December 2015 - produced in the egg whites of transgenic chickens
• World's first commercial scale plant for cellulosic ethanol from agricultural and forest wastes, grasses, etc. is located in Italy
• Over 90% of industrial enzymes are produced by recombinant DNA technology, expressed in fungi or bacteria, with unwanted side activities removed, maximized expression >40 g/liter, and modified to optimize catalytic performance
• Industrial enzymes


  • Chymosin for cheese production (80 to 90% of total cheese produced use recombinant chymosin)
  • Proteases for detergents, meat and soy processing, leather treatment, wastewater treatment, organic synthesis (35% of total enzyme market)
  • Amylases used in the starch industry to produce high-fructose syrups and ethanol
• In Asia, Japan leads with sales of modern biotechnology products and services worth US$16.7 billion in 2006. If conventional products like sake and wine are included, the market size is estimated to be US$70 billion in 2005.
• China aims to boost its bioindustry, with the "Development Plan for the Bio-Industry" released in 2012, targeting an average annual growth of 22.9% since 2006, reaching RMB2 trillion in 2011.
• Some mature locally developed biotechnologies in the Philippines include plant tissue culture technologies for banana, sugarcane, cassava, ornamentals, and makapuno, as well as sex reversal of tilapia.
• Makapuno


  A type of coconut
• Micropropagation


  1. Propagation of orchids

  2. Propagation of banana

  3. Propagation of sugarcane
• Sex reversal of tilapia

  With mixed-sex stocks, the fish matures and breeds fast, resulting in small fishes
• Sex reversal of tilapia

  1. First successfully applied to Mozambique tilapia and Nilotica tilapa in the 1970s at Central Luzon State University

  2. First commercial application at the Tilapia Hatchery and Culture Project of Meralco in Jala-Jala, Rizal in the 1980s with the assistance of Aquatic Biosystems

  3. Fry (10 mm) treated with alpha-methyltestosterone for three weeks to result in all male stock, grow faster
• Dr. Rafael D. Guerrero III


  • Target: 1000 ha of makapuno trees for local and export markets
  • Presently only 7 makapuno tissue culture labs all over the country
  • Need for more
• Boni Comandante


  President, Buhi Marine Worldwide Supply, Inc.; sleeping fish technology
• Danny Manayaga


  President, Secura Int'l, Global Energy Farms; Produces algae biomass for biofuels; natural ingredients (moringa oil, papain, bromelain, etc)
• BIOTECH technologies


  • BioN, charcoal-based inoculants containing N-fixing bacteria Azospirillum spp.
  • BioCon, both a biocontrol agent of soil-borne fungal pathogens and a biofertilizer
  • BioGroe, Mycorrhizal inoculant containing spores, infected roots and other infective propagules of endomycorrhizal fungi
  • MycoGroe, Mycorrhizal inoculant containing spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi collected under forest plantations during rainy season
• Fermentation technologies: Fish sauce, Nata de coco, Achara, Other food products, alcohol
• Mature tested foreign technologies: Bt corn, herbicide tolerant and stacked Bt+HT corn now commercialized in the Philippines
• Approval Registry of Regulated Articles for Commercial Propagation

  • Corn TC1507, IR, HT
  • Corn GA21, HT
  • Corn NK603, HT
  • Corn Bt11, IR, HT
  • Corn MON89034, IR
  • Corn MON 810, IR
• Approval Registry of Combined Trait Products for Commercial Propagation

  • Corn TC1507xMON810xNK603, IR, HT
  • Corn Bt11 x Corn GA21, IR, HT
  • Corn MON89034 x Corn NK603, IR, HT
• Registry of approved of regulated materials for direct use as food, feed or processing

  • Canola RT 73, HT
  • Canola MON88302, HT
  • Corn NK603, HT
  • Corn TC1507, IR, HT
  • Corn GA21, IR, HT
  • Corn T25, HT
  • Corn MON 87427, HT
  • Corn MIR162, IR
  • Corn MON 89034, IR(3 pests)
  • Corn MON88017, IR, HT
  • Corn MON810, IR
  • Corn MIR604, IR
  • Corn DAS59122, IR, HT
  • Corn 5307, IR, HT
  • Cotton 1445, HT
  • Cotton COT102, IR
  • Cotton 15985, IR
  • Cotton 531, IR
  • Cotton MON 88913, HT
  • soybean A2703-12, HT
  • Soybean MON 87708, HT
  • Soybean MON87705, HT, fatty acid profile
  • Soybean 305423 HT, improved FA
  • Soybean FG72, HT
  • Soybean CV127, HT
  • Soybean A5547-127, HT
  • Soybean 87701, IR, several pests
  • Soybean MON89788, HT
  • Soybean MON87769, improved FA, HT
  • Sugarbeet HT
• Bioservices


  • Development and production of diagnostic kits
  • Diagnostics services
• Biotek-M Dengue Aqua Kit

  • A locally developed rapid diagnostic kit by Dr. Raul Destura
  • Can detect dengue in patients at early stages of infection, from 0 to 5 days
  • Faster, more affordable and accurate than current assays such as the serological test and the PCR assay
  • Uses the isothermal (constant temperature) PCR technology
  • Provides clear colorimetric results (green color for positive, orange for negative) after one hour
• Biotek-M Dengue Aqua Kit won a Gold Medal at the International Exhibition of Inventions of Geneva, Switzerland, April 11-15, 2018, sponsored by the Swiss Federal Government, the City of Geneva, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
• Bioentrepreneurship


  • Develop new products (research)
  • Improve new products (research)
  • Make variations of old or traditional products
  • Study marketing strategies
  • Actual marketing
  • Employ people
  • Create opportunities for others and for the country