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Genetic engineering
1. Making
changes
on genetic code
2. Goal is to
add
one or more
trait
DNA
extraction
A sample of
organism
is taken
Gene cloning
DNA
from organism is extracted at
once
Gene
design
Designing the
gene
to work
Transformation
Tissue culture
is used to propagate
Backcross breeding
Transgenic
plants are crossed with
elite
DNA recombination
1.
Modifying
the
genes
for practical purposes
2. Combined with another
DNA
from
DNA
source
Restriction
enzymes
Cut
DNA
at specific sites
Create
sticky ends
on cut DNA
Steward Lim and Werner Arber discovered
restriction
enzymes in e.coli which are known as
Endonucleases
1960
The use of
nucleases
was not discovered by
Herbert
Boyer and Stanley Cohen (1973)
10
scientist led by Paul Berg wrote a letter to the
National academy of sciences
Applications of recombinant DNA
Food
and
agriculture
Health
and
diseases
Gene therapy
Production
of
antibodies
and their derivatives
Investigation
of the
drug metabolism
Development of
vaccines
and
recombinant hormones
Chinese
medicine
Environment
Gene therapy
success in science opened up new
doors
Plant
systems have been used for production of
antibodies
and their derivatives
Complex system of
drug metabolizing
enzyme involved in the
drug metabolism
Chinese
medicine is associated with theories which are congruent, might be the sources of
carriage
Genetic
code is a set of
three
letter combinations
Chemical and nervous control
Animal main organ:
brain
Animal channel or medium:
nerves
Animal chemical control:
hormones
Plant main organ:
root tip
or
apex
Plant channel or medium:
vascular strands
Plant chemical control:
hormones
Endocrine system
Complex network of
glands
and
organs
Nervous system
Central nervous system
:
brain
and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
: made up of
nerves
Immune system
To
protect
the organism from
diseases
Lymphocytes
Type of
white
blood cell
Types of lymphocytes
B-cell
lymphocytes
T-cell
lymphocytes
cell
lymphocytes
Antibody
driven community, they release
Antibodies
Antibodies
They recognize the
invader
cell
lymphocytes
Directly targets or kill
foreign
cells
Types of tropism in plants
Phototropism
Geotropism
Negative
geotropism
Positive
geotropism
Hydrotropism
Thigmotropism
Phototropism
Movement
of plants response to
light
Geotropism
Movement of plants response to
gravitational
force
Negative geotropism
Plants moves
away
from earth
Positive geotropism
Plant moves
toward
earth
Hydrotropism
Movement of plants response to
water
Thigmotropism
Movement of plants response to
mechanical
stimulation
Advent season
"to judge the
living
and the
dead
"
Begins on first
Sunday
of advent
Purple
or
blue
Christmas season
Vigil
of Lord's birth
Gold
or
white
Advent season
"to judge the living and the dead"
Begins on first
Sunday
of advent
Purple
or
blue
Ordinary
time
"
Hidden life
of
Jesus
"
Begins after
Christmas
Green
Christmas season
Vigil
of Lord's birth
Gold
or
white
Lent
Begins
ash
Wednesday
Preparation for
Easter
Spend
40
days of prayer
Purple
Ordinary
time
"
Hidden life
of
Jesus
"
Begins after
Christmas
Green
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