TCW - Intro

• Globalization


  The process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures, governments and economies
• Globalization


  A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology
• Globalization is about growing worldwide connectivity
• Increase in cross-border trade, investment, and migration due to policy and technical developments in the past few decades

  First World War in 1914
• Many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increased their own productive potential and created myriad new opportunities for international trade and investment

  Second World War
• Technology


  One principal driver of globalization
• Globalization


  The process of integration of economies across the world through cross-border flow of factors, product and information
• Globalization (according to IMF)


  The growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows and also through the more rapid and wide diffusion of technology
• Globalization


  An expansion, and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world time and world space
• Globalization is about growing worldwide connectivity according to Steger
• Globalization


  A multi-dimensional process involving economic, political, technological, cultural, religious and ecological dimensions
• Globalization


  A dynamic process of change that results in either positive or negative development
• Globalization


  Leads to the creation of something new; it involves the multiplication of social connections and various activities that transgress traditional and political, economic, cultural and geographical lines
• Attributes, Qualities or Characteristics of Globalization

  • It involves both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections
  • Globalization is reflected in the expansion and the stretching of social relations, activities, and connections
  • Globalization involves the intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities
  • Globalization processes do not occur merely or an objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness
• Social stretching


  Emergence of gigantic and virtually identical shopping malls in all continents to cater to consumers who can afford commodities all over the world-including products whose various components were manufactured in different countries
• Covered in the process of social stretching

  • Non-governmental organization
  • Commercial enterprises
  • Social clubs
  • Regional & global institutions and associations
• Globalization involves both the macro-structures of a global community and the micro-structures of global personhood
• Historical Periods of Globalization

  • The Prehistoric Period
  • The Pre-modern Period
  • The Early Modern Period
  • The Modern Period
  • The Contemporary Period
• The Prehistoric Period


  In this earliest phase of globalization, contacts among hunters and gatherers – who were spread around the world – were geographically limited. In this period due to absence of advanced forms of technology, globalization was severely limited
• The Pre-modern Period


  The invention of writing and the wheel were great social and technological boosts that moved globalization to a new level. The invention of wheel in addition to roads made the transportation of people and goods more efficient. On the other hand writing facilitated the spread of ideas and inventions
• The Early Modern Period


  The European Enlightenment project tried to achieve a universal form of morality and law. This with the emergence of European metropolitan centers and unlimited material accumulation which led to the capitalist world system helped to strengthen globalization
• The Modern Period


  Innovations in transportation and communication technology, population explosion, and increase in migration led to more cultural exchanges and transformation in traditional social patterns. Process of industrialization also accelerated
• The Contemporary Period


  The creation, expansion, and acceleration of worldwide interdependencies occurred in a dramatic way and it was a kind of leap in the history of globalization
• Dimensions of Globalization

  • Economic Dimension
  • Political Dimension
  • Cultural Dimension
  • Religious Dimension
  • Ideological Dimension
• Economic Dimension


  Refers to the extensive development of economic relations across the globe as a result of technology and the enormous flow of capital that has stimulated trade in both sources and goods
• Major players in the current century's global economic order

  • Huge international corporations
  • International Economic Institutions
  • Trading System
• The result of these powerful forces resulted in the wide gap between the rich and the poor countries
• Major Sources of Economic Growth across Countries

  • Property rights
  • Regulatory institutions
  • Institutions for macro-economics
  • Stabilization
  • Institutions for social influence
  • Institutions for conflict management
• Economic institutions have decisive influence on investment in physical and human capital, technology, and industrial productions. It is also important for resource distribution
• Political Dimension


  Refers to an enlargement and strengthening of political interrelations across the globe
• Political Issues that Surface in this Dimension

  • The principle of state sovereignty
  • Increasing impact of various intergovernmental organization
  • Future shapes of regional and global governance
• Governments often seek to restrict the migration of peoples, especially those coming from the poor countries in the global South
• In the development of supra-national structures and associations held together by common concerns and mutually agreed upon norm, the most obvious is political globalization
• On the part of the involved parties, informal structures which are considered binding, bring together world power centers due to common interests
• Cultural Dimension


  Refers to the increase in the amount of cultural flows across the globe. Cultural interconnections are at the foundations of contemporary globalization
• Individualism and consumerism


  The dominant cultural characteristics of our age and the drive for economic success stimulated by the internet and other technological devices circulate much more easily than they did in earlier periods
• In the dissemination of popular culture, transactional media corporations play a major role which brought a sharp rise in homogenized popular culture that is manifested in the dominance of fast-food restaurant on more aspects of life throughout the world
• Cultural diversity


  Often results hybridization - a constructive interaction process between global and local characteristics which is often visible in food, music, dance, film, fashion, and language
• Media empires generated and directed the extensive flow of culture. Examples of these are Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, and Disney
• Advertisement plays an important role in this cultural flow by featuring various celebrities in the television aside from transforming newscast into entertainment shows