Topic 1 - Cell Biology

Created by

Katy Farr

Cards (47)

What is a eukaryotic cell?
plant and animal cell
What is a prokaryotic cell?
bacteria cell
How big is a eukaryotic cell?
10-100 micrometers
How big is a prokaryotic cell?
from 1-10 micrometers
What is in an animal cell? 
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
what is in a plant cell? 
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
What is in a bacteria cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, single loop of DNA, plasmids
What does the nucleus do?
It contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell
What does the cell membrane do?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What is the cell wall? 
surrounds the cell membrane, provides support and shape
What does the ribosomes do?
makes proteins during protein synthesis
What do the plasmids do?
Allow bacterial cells to move genes from one cell to another
What does the cytoplasm do?
Its a jelly like substance where most of the chemical reactions happpen
what does the chloroplasts do?
it is the site of photosynthesis and it contains chlorophyll which gives the plant its green colour
What do mitochondria do?
These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration occur. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
What does the vacuole do?
It contains cell sap and helps maintain the shape of the cell
What is magnification? 
How much bigger the image is that the specimen
What is resolution? 
a measure of the clarity of an image
what is the pathway of light through a microscope? 
Light source ➔ stage ➔ microscope slide ➔ object ➔ objective lens ➔ body tube ➔ eyepiece lens ➔ eye
what are the advantages of light microscopes?
Cheap, Use visible light,
Allow us to see organelles such as the nucleus, Colour images
what are the advantages of the electron microscope?
Greater magnification and resolution
how do you calculate magnification?
Image size/actual size
what is object size
The real size of the object
what is the image size
how big object appears to be in a microscope
what is the process of mitosis 
DNA condenses to form chromosomes.
Chromosomes line up along the centre of the cells.
Cell fibres pull the two arms of each chromosome to opposite sides (poles) of the cell.
Cytokinesis - the entire cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.
What is the cell cycle? 
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
What are the cells of the cell cycle?
Cellular growth
DNA replication
More cell growth.
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What is produced from mitosis? 
two identical daughter cells
Name two animal stem cells 
embryonic stem cells
adult stem cells
Name a stem cell found in plants
Meristem tissue
What are 2 key features of stem cells?
They can divide by mitosis to form more cells
They can differentiate into specialised cells
What are nerve cells specialized to do?
Transmitting messages from one part of the body to another
How is a sperm cell specialized for its role?
It has lots of mitochondria to provide the energy for movement
It has a flagellum to allow it to swim to reach the egg
It is streamlined to make swimming easier
It has digestive enzymes in its head to break through the wall of the egg
What is differentiation? 
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What does type one diabetes do?
makes the pancreas damaged and no longer produces insulin
What are risks of using embryonic stem cells?
- rejection
- limited supply
- ethical issues around them
what are advantages of using adult stem cells?
- unlimited supply
- no rejection as there from the patient
What is diffusion? 
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What does a partially permeable membrane mean?
only some molecules can pass through the membrane
What factors effect rate of diffusion?
- The concentration gradient
- The Temperature
- The Surface Area Of the membrane