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• Figurative speech


  A word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition
• 10 different types of figures of speech

  • Metaphor
  • Simile
  • Personification
  • Hyperbole
  • Alliteration
  • Onomatopoeia
  • Symbolism
  • Imagery
  • Paradox
  • Oxymoron
• Metaphor


  An implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics. No "like or as" used.
• Metaphor


  • My brother was boiling mad
  • The assignment was a breeze
  • It is going to be clear skies from now on
• Simile


  Makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things and uses "like" or "as"
• Simile


  • That guy is as nutty as a fruitcake
  • Don't just sit there like a bump on a log
  • You were as brave as a lion
• Personification


  Non-living objects are described to seem like people. A thing, an idea, plants, inanimate things or an animal is given human attributes.
• Personification


  • The flowers danced in the gentle breeze
  • The fire swallowed the entire forest
  • Look at my car. She is a beauty, isn't she
• Hyperbole


  An overstatement that exaggerates a particular condition for emphasis. Greek word meaning "over-casting".
• Hyperbole


  • I'm dying of laughter
  • This package weighs a ton
  • I haven't seen Jamien in ages
• Alliteration


  A series of words begin with the same consonant sound. More than just a tongue twister.
• Alliteration


  • Becky's beagle barked and bayed, becoming bothersome for Billy
  • Can you keep the cat from clawing the couch? It's creating chaos
  • Dan's dog dove deep in the dam, drinking dirty water as he dove
• Onomatopoeia


  A word that phonetically mimics or resembles the sound of the thing it describes. Uses a word whose sound suggests the meaning or tone.
• Onomatopoeia


  • Machine noises—honk, beep, vroom, clang, zap, boing
  • Animal names—cuckoo, whip-poor-will, whooping crane, chickadee
  • Impact sounds—boom, crash, whack, thump, bang
  • Sounds of the voice—shush, giggle, growl, whine, murmur, blurt, whisper, hiss
  • Nature sounds—splash, drip, spray, whoosh, buzz, rustle
• Symbolism


  The use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.
• Symbolism


  • The dove is a symbol of peace
  • A red rose, or the color red, stands for love or romance
  • Black is a symbol that represents evil or death
  • A ladder may stand as a symbol for a connection between heaven and earth
  • A broken mirror may symbolize separation
• Imagery


  Descriptive language that can function as a way for the reader to better imagine the world of the piece of literature and also add symbolism to the work. Imagery draws on the five senses: taste, touch, sight, smell, and sound. It can also pertain to details about movement or a sense of a body in motion (kinesthetic imagery) or the emotions or sensations of a person, such as fear or hunger (organic imagery or subjective imagery).
• Imagery


  • Taste: The familiar tang of his grandmother's cranberry sauce reminded him of his youth
  • Sound: The concert was so loud that her ears rang for days afterward
  • Sight: The sunset was the most gorgeous they'd ever seen; the clouds were edged with pink and gold
  • Smell: After eating the curry, his breath reeked of garlic
  • Touch: The tree bark was rough against her skin
• Paradox


  A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly, but which may include a latent truth. It is also used to illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas. The term paradox is from the Greek word paradoxon, which means "contrary to expectations, existing belief, or perceived opinion".
• Paradox


  • Your enemy's friend is your enemy
  • I am nobody
  • "What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young." – George Bernard Shaw
  • Wise fool
  • Truth is honey, which is bitter
  • "I can resist anything but temptation." – Oscar Wilde
• Oxymoron


  Two seemingly opposing and contradictory elements are juxtaposed. In literature, oxymora, also known as oxymorons, often reveal a paradox. The word oxymoron is in itself an oxymoron, coming from the Ancient Greek words oxus meaning "sharp" or "keen" and moros meaning "dull" or "stupid".
• Synecdoche (Synecdote)


  A part of something represents the whole. "One does not live by bread alone".
• Irony


  Expresses an idea opposite to what is meant. "It was a very nice of you to open my private letter. Thank you very much."
• The difference between oxymoron and paradox is that a paradox often is used in literature to give unexpected insights, whereas an oxymoron does not necessarily lead to any insights.
• Some other figures of speech

  • Irony
  • Litotes
  • Antonomasia
  • Understatement
  • Allusion