BIOLOGY NUTRIENTS PLANTS AND ANIMALS

• Non-fertilizer elements


  • Carbon (C)
  • Hydrogen (H)
  • Oxygen (O)
• Macroelements


  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Phosphorous (P)
  • Potassium (K)
  • Calcium (Ca)
  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Sulfur (S)
• Microelements


  • Iron (Fe)
  • Copper (Cu)
  • Zinc (Zn)
  • Manganese (Mn)
  • Boron (B)
  • Molybdenum (Mo)
  • Chlorine (Cl)
  • Nickel (Ni)
• Essential elements for plant growth

  • Carbon (C)
  • Hydrogen (H)
  • Oxygen (O)
  • 6 Macroelements
  • 8 Microelements
• Deficiency symptoms of the macroelements and iron
• Nutrition is the process by which animals eat and use food
• Proper animal nutrition


  • Increases feed efficiency
  • Increases rate of gain
• Nutrient


  A substance that is necessary for an organism to live and grow
• Nutrients are provided to animals through

  Feed stuff (feed & water)
• Balanced ration


  • The total amount of feed an animal has in a 24hr period
  • Contains all the nutrients that the animal needs in the correct proportions
  • The amount of feed that will supply the proper amount & proportions of nutrients needed for animal to perform a specific purpose such as growth, maintenance, lactation or gestation
• Nutrient needs of animals

  • Water
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Proteins
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
• Water


  • Necessary for an animal to live
  • Animal can live longer without food than water
  • Water makes up 75% of the weight of an animal's body
  • Regulates body functions
  • Promotes biochemical process
• Carbohydrates


  • Provide energy
  • Should make up 75% of an animal's diet
  • Types: Sugars, Starches, Fiber
• Sources of carbohydrates


  • Cereal grains: Corn, Wheat, Barley, Oats, Rye
  • Hay
• Lipids


  • Fat is a good source of energy
  • Fats have 2.25 times more energy than carbohydrates
• Proteins


  • Needed for growth of new tissue and repair of old tissue
  • Highest amount found in muscles
  • Contain amino acids (building blocks of proteins)
  • 23 amino acids, 10 are essential
• Sources of proteins


  • Soybean meal
  • Cotton seed meal
  • Fish meal
  • Tankage
  • Skim milk
  • Alfalfa
• Protein is the most common nutrient deficiency
• Minerals


  • Macro-minerals: Calcium, Phosphorous
  • Micro-minerals: Iron, Zinc, Copper
• Minerals


  Essential for skeletal growth and proper functioning of body systems
• Common sources of minerals

  • Alfalfa hay
  • Cereal grains
  • Bone meal
  • Molasses
  • Salt
• Vitamins


  • Help regulate body functions
  • Keep body healthy
  • Develop resistance to disease
• Types of vitamins


  • Fat soluble: Vitamin A, D, E, K
  • Water soluble: Vitamin C, B
• Nitrogen Deficiency (yellowing) of the leaves.
• Phosphorus deficiency (purple coloration).
• Potassium Deficiency margins eventually turning brown
• Magnesium Deficiency starts on the older leaves and progresses towards the top of the plant
• Calcium Deficiency poor root development
• Sulfur Deficiency affects the entire plant except the very tip
• Iron Deficiency Youngest leaves first