HA: Ears

• The sense organ of hearing and equilibrium.

  Ear
• Ear consist of three distinct parts:

  External, middle, and inner ear
• It seperates the external ear to the middle ear

  Tympanic membrane
• Both the external ear and the tympanic membrane can be assessed by direct inspection, using a?

  Otoscope
• The middle ear cannot be directly ___

  Inspected
• The external ear is composed of ___, ___, and ___

  auricle, pinna, external auditory canal
• it is the portion of the external ear visible without any tools

  auricle or pinna
• It is composed of a thin plate of yellow elastic cartilage covered by tight fitting skin and is shaped with hallows, furrows and ridges that form a irregular funnel to conduct sound waves into the external auditory canal

  auricle or pinna
• the external auditory canal is ___ shaped in adults

  S shape
• It secretes cerumen

  Modified sweat glands or apocrine glands
• a wax like substance that keeps the tympanic membrane soft and has bacteriostatic properties and its sticky in consistency serve as a defense against foreign bodies.

  Cerumen
• the middle ear is also known as the?

  Tympanic cavity
• is a small air filled chamber in the temporal lobe

  middle ear/ tympanic cavity
• tympanic membrane aka?

  ear drum
• has a translucent pearly gray appearance and serves as a partition stretched across the inner end of the auditory canal. Is a concave located at the end of the auditory canal.

  Tympanic membrane
• base of the malleus serving as a center point landmark

  Umbo
• the reflection of the otoscope light seen as a cone

  cone of light
• The top portion of the membrane that appears to be less taut

  Pars flaccida
• The bottom portion of the membrane that appears to be taut

  Pars tensa
• the middle ear consist of three auditory ossicles

  The malleus, incus, stapes
• These tiny bones are responsible for transmitting sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear

  Auditory ossicles
• air pressure is equalized on both sides of the tympanic membrane by means of? which connect the middle ear to the nasopharynx

  Eustachian tube
• The inner ear is aka

  labyrinth
• is a fluid filled made up of the bony labyrinth and an inner membranous labyrinth

  inner ear
• The bony labyrinth has three parts

  vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals
• The inner cochlear duct contains the spiral organ ___ which is the sensory organ of hearing

  corti
• The transmission of sound waves through the external and middle ear is referred to as

  Conductive hearing
• the transmission of sound waves in the inner ear is referred to as

  perceptive or sensorineural hearing
• a conductive hearing loss would be related to a dysfunction of the


  External or middle ear
• a sensorineural loss would be related to dysfunction of the 


  inner ear
• a small prominence on the auricle of the ear

  Darwin tubercle
• Earwax was produced by

  apocrine gland
• is a flashlight type viewer used to visualize the eardrum and external ear

  Otoscope
• Inspect the auricle, tragus, and lobule

  Note size shape and position
• Inspect the auricle, tragus, lobule normal findings:

  ears are equal on size bilaterally, (4-10cm)
• Inspect the aurcle, tragus, lobule abnormal findings;

  ear are less than 4cm and more than 10cm
• Malaligned or low set of ears indicate?

  Genitourinary disorder/ Trisonomy 21 or down syndrome
• congenital deformity in which the external ear and sometimes the ear canal are not fully developed

  Microtia
• is a congenital excessive enlargement of the external ear

  macrotia
• Redness, swelling, scaling, itching ng external ear

  otitis externa