STEM 001 - GENERAL BIOLOGY

• Table of Contents


  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acids
  • BMI
• Types of Nutrients


  • Organic Nutrients
  • Inorganic Nutrients
• Biomolecule


  A chemical compound found in living organisms
• Biomolecules


  • Mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
• Carbohydrates


  The sugar molecules
• Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CH2O)N)
• Carbohydrates


  Its main function is to provide energy for our cells
• Types of Carbohydrates


  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides


  Also known as the "simple sugar", it is the building block or the basic unit of carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides


  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
• Glucose


  The main source of energy of our cells
• Fructose


  Commonly found in fruits and vegetables
• Galactose


  Part of lactose which is used to create milk
• Disaccharides


  Also known as the "double sugar", it is composed of two simple sugars linked to each other
• Disaccharides


  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
  • Maltose
• Sucrose

  Made up of glucose and fructose
• Lactose


  Made up of glucose and galactose
• Maltose


  Made up of glucose and glucose
• Polysaccharides


  Also known as the "complex sugar", it is composed of many simple sugars linked together
• Polysaccharides


  • Glycogen
  • Starches
  • Fibers
• Glycogen


  A long chain of glucose found in animals
• Starches

  A long chain of glucose found in plants
• Fibers


  Indigestible material found in foods, including cellulose and chitin
• Foods rich in carbohydrates
• What happens if you eat too many carbs?
• Lipids


  The fatty acids
• Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CH3(CH2)NCOOH)
• Lipids


  Its main function is to store energy and regulate hormones
• Fatty acids


  The building block or the basic unit of lipids
• Types of Lipids


  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • Sterols
• Triglycerides


  The most common type of fat in the body, made up of 3 fatty acids and glycerol
• Types of Triglycerides


  • Saturated fats
  • Unsaturated fats
• Saturated fats


  Solid at room temperature, found mostly in animals, increases cholesterol level
• Unsaturated fats


  Liquid at room temperature, found mostly in plants, has good benefits in the body
• Phospholipids


  One of the main components in the cell membrane, made up of 2 fatty acids and a phosphate molecule
• Sterols


  A sub-class of steroids, a group of hormones made up of lipids, help in cell signaling and regulate various cellular processes
• Cholesterol


  The most abundant sterol in animals, a structural component of the cell membrane, aids in hormone production, vitamin D absorption, and production of bile, high cholesterol can cause build up of fatty acids in the blood vessel, which may lead to high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke
• Proteins


  The body-building molecules
• Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms
• Proteins


  Its main function is to transport molecules in and out of the cell, speed up chemical reactions, and to facilitate growth and repair