Geography case studies

• Top down project - Mumbai Monorail advantages-Build ABOVE buildings so it wouldn't disrupt other buildings and the government also had a LARGE BUDGET o go through with the project.

  Monorail disadvantages-Cost India £10 BILLION In currency so other expenses such as healthcare could not be improved.
• How did this project avoid disruption of other buildings?

  Built 'ABOVE' the city
• Bottom up project- Hammra foundation Advatges-Addresseing a specific problem,allowed children to get an education which helped remote areas in India.

  Disadvantages-only helped 327 children out of 200,000 because of the low budget (was due to it not being funded by the govement)

  Top down-From the higher ups and is normally funded by the government.

  Bottom up- From lower organisations normally a NGO organisation helps address a specific problem local people are facing
• How many children were helped in the Hammara foundation?

  327 out of 200,000
• Hurricane Katrina - USA 29th of August 2005 category 3

  IMPACTS -1 Million made homeless,80% of land flooded, 1200 drowned.

  Preparation - USA I'd a developed country which meant that it had good tracking systems and forecasting.A Evacuation was issued in New orelands and 80% were evacuated but the issue was many people that didn't evacute could not because they didn't have a car.

  Responce- £50 Billion was given in Aid.Limted food supply.Most vunrable and elderly people were left behide.Goverment was heavily critized.
• Hati earthquake - 12 of Jan 1990 magnitude of 7.0 caused Conservative plate boudires to move [《》].

  IMPACTS - 316,000 deaths , 1.5 Million made homeless. Electricity,water limted.

  Secondary impact- Looting and crime rates increased , economic loss and cholrea spread through camps from contaminated water.

  Responce- USA misunderstood and 'protected' the citizens of Hati instead of rescuing burried survivors in shopping markets and was heavily critized.100 Million was given in aid from the UK.
• What category and when did the hurrican katrina hit the USA

  29th August 2005 category 3
• Main issues in Malawi


  • Landlocked - have to pay tariffs which can be expensive to trade in different countries because there is no direct access to the sea
  • Rural isolation - Malawi is 85% rural meaning the roads are mostly dirt and means it can take hours to drive to the nearest hospital
  • Living with a changing climate - Creates drought which affects farming (cash crops) which is the primary source of income for Malawi and drought can also create water and food shortages
  • Pollution - Water supplies become contaminated during the rainy season because rivers and dams become filled with bacteria due to overflowing, Industrial smoke and smog (smoke and fog) is increased causing human risk
• Malawi exports less than they import

  Causes debt
• Primary products

  Raw materials such as tea, tobacco, sugar, curry leaves
• Malawi exports largely primary products

  Not gaining enough profit
• For Malawi to increase money from exporting

  1. Build a direct port to the sea

  2. Roast their coffee beans to make it secondary products
• Malawi's primary source of income

  Farming and cash crops
• Malawi's primary source of income (farming and cash crops) does not generate a lot of money
• World Trade Organisation

  Aims to make trade easier and tries to help developing countries
• Was malwai colonised by the British?

  Yes they were and exploited many recourses from the birtish
• What are the 2 regions in India?

  Bihar

  Maharashtra
• Case study - Bihar

  Periphery region in India.Poorest region

  Why is Bihar the poorest region in India?

  1. Landlocked - NO direct access to the sea have to pay tarrifs to trade so hard to trade.
  2. 85% rural - isolated from urban areas less opportunities for people to gain more money.
• Case study - Marashtra

  Core region in India.Richest region in India.

  What makes marashtra a core region in India?

  1. Has the 2nd largest port in India - able to trade large quantities fast and efficiently.
  2. Hosts most bollywood events - creates jobs and allows the govemrnt to tax more and gain more money.
  3. Mostly a service economy of talented and most of the qualified people in India generating more tertiary and quanteiry job

  Allows good healthcare,good education has one of the highest school attendances, attracts many TNCs to the area
• Tohoku earthquake Japan, magnitude 9.0

  11 march
• The earthquake shock north east japan and triggered a tsunami
• Primary Impacts


  • 1,200 deaths caused directly from building collapsing and electric and sewer systems damaged
• Secondary Impacts


  • 200 roads damaged, majority of deaths overall (17,000) were do to drowning, Nuclear meltdown was caused by the tsunami hitting a backup generator and caused plumes of radioactive materiel to be spread, The world Bank says that 300 million in damage was caused
• Preparation


  Earthquakes can't be predicted, instead residants are warned when a earthquake stars and encourage people to get to higher ground, Most buildings have shear walls and shear cores to help stablize the buildings, also many citizens are aware of the evacuation protocol
• Response


  Japan requested international aid from China and India which sent rescue teams, the red cross also provided support and helped over 500 people out the rouble