Lea2

• Community Policing. - It aims to build trust, enhance communication, and involve community members in problem-solving and crime prevention efforts.
• Proactive Policing. - aims to identify and address underlying causes of crime, disrupt criminal networks, and prevent future offenses.
• Accountability and Transparency. - Police forces are expected to adhere to legal standards, respect human rights, and be accountable to the public.
• Due Process and Legal Safeguards. - Police procedures must comply with legal requirements, and evidence obtained unlawfully may be excluded from court proceedings.
• Training and Professionalism. - Democratic nations prioritize the training and professionalism of police officers. .
• Enforce Laws. -enforcing laws and regulations within their jurisdiction.
• Preserve Peace. - maintaining public order and peace within communities
• Prevent Crimes. - proactively to prevent criminal activities (patrolling high-crime areas, conducting surveillance, and engaging in community outreach to identify and address potential risks or vulnerabilities).
• Protect Civil Rights and Liberties. – respecting and upholding peoples rights ( such as freedom of speech, privacy and due process) also Police should treat all fairly w/o discrimination.
• Centralized policing system. - A system wherein there is only one police force that is recognized and operates entire a certain country.
• A police system wherein police administration and operation are independent from one state to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal government.

  Decentralized policing system
• Sometimes called as “non-systems” (Hunter, 1990) or as extremely decentralized (Bayley, 2006).

  Fragmented Policing system
• This policing model involves detectives monitoring for patterns in crime to help understand when and how crime are being committed.

  PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING
• A model of policing which is focused in preventing crime from happening.

  PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING
• A global movement with American origin. It embraces an analytic approach which takes community concerns seriously.

  PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING
• It draws upon the notion that the police can do know a great deal about offending patterns.

  INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING MODEL
• First emerged with Kent Police under leadership of Sir David Phillips.

  INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING MODEL
• The Police should actively gather information about criminals and their organization (Tilley, 2003).

  INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING MODEL
• It originated from United Kingdom.

  INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING MODEL
• It is a model of policing wherein police will respond when a call was received.

  REACTIVE OR TRADITIONAL POLICING
• A model of policing which includes predictive and analytical techniques in Law Enforcement to identify potential offenders.

  PREDICTIVE POLICING
• It is the usage of mathematical predictive and analytic techniques to identify possible criminal activity.

  PREDICTIVE POLICING
• It is a model of policing with the aim of identifying signals and it involves the community in solving community-related problems.

  REASSURANCE POLICING
• It gives a feeling of safety that a citizen experiences when he knows that a police officer or patrol car is nearby.

  REASSURANCE POLICING
• It is similar to community oriented policing system.

  REASSURANCE POLICING
• A type of policing which involves four steps in problem solving and decision making process.

  SCANNING, ANALYSIS, RESPONSES, ASSESSMENT
• it involves detection of patterns of problem activities, including victims, location and types of crimes.

  Scanning
• includes looking for the root causes of any problems or issues identified.

  Analysis
• is implemented, an on-going

  Response
• is required to evaluate the effectiveness of the solution and make adjustment if necessary.

  Assessment
• The theory of police service which maintains that police officers are servants of higher authorities. This theory prevails in the continental countries like France, Italy and Spain.

  Continental
• The theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the community or the people. This theory prevails in England and United States.

  Home Rule
• This model is based on the presumption that the repression of criminal behavior is the most important aspect of police duty and therefore should be given priority.

  Crime Control Model
• When due process is the primary object of policing, police policy is that is far better than 100 guilty men escape justice rather than one innocent person be convicted.

  DUE PROCESS MODEL
• If the entire police force in the country is organized as a single force under a single commander, the model is called___

  Singular model
• if in a single country, there are a number of police forces, like in India, it is called ____

  Multiple model
• Inside the multiple model, if the police forces have well defined territories of functioning and their functions do not overlap each other, the model is called ____

  Multiple Coordinated
• if the case is reverse as in India, where many agencies can have overlapping jurisdictions, it is called ____

  Multiple Uncoordinated.
• This refers to a system where the entire country has one unified police force under a single leader. Imagine it as one big police department for the entire nation.

  Singular Model
• This model exists in countries with several police forces. For example, in India, there's national police, state police, and even local police forces.

  Multiple Model