IS

• Emil von Behring


  Serum antitoxins
• Robert Koch


  TB
• Elie Metchnikoff

  Phagocytosis
• Paul Ehrlich

  Immunity
• Charles Richet

  Anaphylaxis
• Jules Bordet

  Complement
• Karl Landsteiner

  ABO Blood Group

  SSR
• Gerald Edelman

  Rodney Porter

  Structure of antibodies
• Rosalyn Yallow

  RIA
• Snell Dausset Benaceraf

  MHC
• Niels Jerne

  Immunoregulation
• Kohler Milstein

  Monoclonal antibody
• Susumu Tonegawa

  Antibody diversity Deé javu
• Thomas Murray

  Transplantation
• Peter Doherty

  Rolf Zinkernagel

  Dual recognition
• Barreé -Sinoussi

  Luc Montagner


  HIV
• Pope Innocent VII

  1st: blood transfusion
• Christopher Columbus


  Old world > New world = smallpox New world > Old world = syphilis
• 1984


  Year of discovery of T cell receptor gene
• 1979


  (-) Small pox
• US

  Russia

  Pure culture of smallpox
• Lysozyme

  Attacks bacterial cell wall

  Ineffective against Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma (no cell wall)
• LAK cells

  NK cells + IL-2

  Against cancer
• NK/Null/3rd population lymphocyte

  (-) Markers on T/B cells Kills virus and tumor cells CD16,CD56
• Complement


  Major humoral immunity (natural)
• Phagocytosis

  “ICED”: Initiation, Chemotaxis, Engulfment, Digestion
• Direct phagocytosis

  Primitive pattern recognition receptor
• Indirect phagocytosis

  Via opsonins
• Initiation

  CR3 (3rd C’ component)

  Laminin receptor Leucyl-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine receptor
• Chemotaxis

  C5a (potent chemotaxin)

  Job’s syndrome = N-RA/Abn-CA

  Lazy leukocyte syndrome = Abn-RA and CA Boyden Chamber assay = test for chemotaxis
• Engulfment

  C3b (opsonin)
• Histamine

  From eosinophils and mast cells Vasodilation
• IL-1

  Lymphokine activating factor

  Secreted by monocytes and macrophages Mediates fever, ^APR’s
• Fibroblasts

  Young cells

  Stabilize the wound area
• IFN-α

  Leukocyte IFN (Type 1)

  Produced by viral-induced leukocyte culture Major producer: NK cell
• IFN-β

  Fibroepithelial IFN (Type 1)

  Produced by dsRNA fibroblast cells
• IFN-γ

  Immune interferon (Type 2)

  Produced by immunologically-stimulated lymphocytes
• TNF-α

  Cachectin

  Produced by macrophages
• TNF-β

  Lymphotoxin

  Produced by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes
• H. influenzae N. meningitidis S. pneumoniae

  Large capsule

  Cause meningitis