b9 - Respiration

• Define the term cellular respiration?

  An exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in the mitochondria of living cells to release energy from glucose
• What do organisms need energy for ?

  chemical reactions to build larger molecules • muscle contraction for movement • keeping warm
• what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  aerobic respiration uses oxygen, anaerobic respiration does not
• what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen ➞ carbon dioxide + water
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles.?

  glucose ➞ lactic acid
• Write the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  C6 H12O6 + 6O2 ➞ 6CO2 + 6H2 O
• Why does aerobic respiration release more energy per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration?

  oxidation of glucose is complete in aerobic respiration and incomplete in anaerobic respiration
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?


  fermentation
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

  glucose ➞ ethanol + carbon dioxide
• How does the body supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood during exercise?


  heart rate, breathing rate, and breath volume increase
• What substance builds up in the muscles during anaerobic respiration?

  lactic acid
• What happens to muscles during long periods of activity?

  muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
• What is oxygen debt?

  amount of oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
• How is lactic acid removed from the body?

  actic acid in muscles ➞ blood transports to the liver ➞ lactic acid converted back to glucose
• What is metabolism?

  sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
• The energy released during respiration is needed for all living processes, including: chemical reactions to build larger molecules, for example, making proteins from amino acids • muscle contraction for movement • keeping warm.
• what is the energy made by respiration used for in cells by?

  The energy released by respiration in cells is used for the continual enzyme-controlled processes of metabolism that produce new molecules.
• how is the energy used in cells for Carbohydrates?

  • synthesis of larger carbohydrates from sugars (starch, glycogen, and cellulose) • breakdown of glucose in respiration to release energy
• how is the energy from respiration used in Lipids?

  • synthesis of lipids from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid
• how is the energy from respiration used in Proteins?

  • synthesis of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions • amino acids used to form proteins • excess proteins broken down to form urea for excretion
• what can fermentation be used for?


  The products of fermentation are important in the manufacturing of bread and alcoholic drinks.