Group #1 - Hananuo Mangyan

• What is the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  Indigenous group in Southern Mindoro
• What is Surat Mangyan?

  Traditional writing system of the Hanunuo
• What does Animism refer to in Hanunuo beliefs?

  Belief that spirits are in natural elements
• Who are the Kalag?

  Guardian spirits of the Hanunuo Mangyan
• Who is Ambuwaw?

  Supreme creator and sustainer of life
• What is the Ancestral Domain of the Hanunuo?

  Traditional lands originally coastal, now mountainous
• What is Swidden Farming also known as?

  Kaingin
• What is Multistorey Farming?

  Layered planting system of crops
• What are Home Gardens used for?

  Daily food needs
• What language family does Hanunó’o belong to?

  Austronesian family
• What is an Abugida?

  Writing system where symbols represent syllables
• What are Diacritic Marks used for?

  To change vowel sounds in the script
• What is an Ambahan?

  Traditional Hanunoo poetic form
• What are the agricultural practices of the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  • Kaingin: Slash-and-burn farming
  • Rice Harvest Custom: Community harvest before eating
• What are the marriage customs of the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  • Layis: Courtship ritual
  • Tumon: Blanket for serenading
  • Ambahan: Poetic serenade
  • Aguman: Bride service
  • Tabunan: Accompanying after courtship
  • Harampanan: Formal conversation between families
  • Monogamy: Usual marital practice
  • Polygyny & Polyandry: Allowed with consent
  • Divorce: Permitted for children's welfare
• What are the death and burial practices of the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  • Karadwa: Soul of the dead
  • Pangutkutan: Ritual of digging up remains
  • Taruk: Traditional funeral dance
• What is the justice system of the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  • Kasaba: Trial by ordeal
  • Egalitarian Society: No formal leaders
• What are the types of huts in Hanunuo society?

  • Balay Daraga: Girls’ hut
  • Balay Lalaki: Boys’ hut
• What are the clothing items worn by the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  • Ba-ag: Loincloth for men
  • Balukas: Shirt for men
  • Ramit: Handwoven skirt for women
  • Lambong: Sleeved top for women
  • Subon: Sleeveless top for women
  • Tagom: Indigo dye
  • Pakudos: Red-and-white cross motif
• What are the handicrafts of the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  • Basketry: Nito and buri baskets
  • Forging: Metalwork
  • Weaving: Traditional textile making
• What are the musical instruments used by the Hanunuo Mangyan?

  • Suyot: Tales and fables
  • Gitara: Homemade guitar
  • Gitgit: Three-string violin
  • Kudyapi: Lute
  • Kudlung: Bamboo tube zither
  • Lantuy: Nose flute
  • Palawta: Version of lantuy
  • Pituh: Diatonically tuned flute
  • Bangsi / Pawili: External-duct flute
  • Budyung: Bamboo trumpet
  • Buray-dipay: Bean-pod rattle
  • Kalutang: Percussion sticks
  • Agung: Pair of gongs
  • Kinaban: Bamboo mouth harp
  • Taruk: Funeral dance
• What are the beliefs of the Hanunuo Mangyan regarding creation and the universe?

  • Mahal na Makaako: Gave life by gazing
  • Sinukuban / Kalibutan: The universe, globular like a coconut
  • Daga: Land
  • Dagat: Sea surrounding the land
  • Katapusan: Edge of the universe