Physical Geography

• Causes of deforestation (sd)


  75% commercial farming

  20% subsistence farming

  3% logging

  2% other (building roads/dams, mining)
• impacts of deforestation


  loss of biodiveristy

  higher income

  disruption to water cycle

  decline of indigenous tribes

  climate change

  river pollution
• changes in deforestation


  2004= 3million Ha lost

  2013= 1.25million Ha lost
• causes of deforestation


  cattle ranching, mining, logging, soy plantations, expanding urban areas
• soil in rainforest is


  latosol is red due to iron and infertile as nutrients are washed away
• drip Tips adaptation


  thick and waxy to prevent water build up and ecourage runoff so prevent damage
• lianas adaptation


  climbs round trees to find sunlight and nutrients
• flying squirrel adaptation


  skin to help glide between trees
• howler monkey adaptation


  strong limbs to stay in canopy and move fast
• cacti adaptation


  thick fleshy skins to store water and spines to reduce transpiration
• prickly pears adaptation


  thin spread roots to catch limited surface water
• camels adaptation


  triple eyelashes to keep out sand, hump to store fat, large flat feet to not sink into sand
• foxes adaptation


  nocturnal, large ear and limbs to have a high surface area to lose heat
• Thar Desert Challenges: 50


  temperature in summer
• Thar Desert Challenges: high


  rates of evaporation
• Thar Desert Challenges: water


  high demand, low supply, limited rivers
• Thar Desert Challenges: 1958


  india ghandi canal constructed
• Thar Desert Challenges: 650


  metres long india ghandi canal
• Thar desert opportunities: farming


  ghandi canal provide irrigation
• Thar desert opportunities: mining


  16th largest coal project globally, country development
• Thar desert opportunities: energy


  wind- jaisulmer

  solar- bhaleri
• Thar desert opportunities: tourism


  safari, national parks, wild life sanctuary
• desertification:


  the process where land becomes drier as a result of climate change, human activity or both
• causes of desertification


  climate change, population growth, overgrazin, soil eroision
• Coriolis effect


  winds to left winds blow from high pressure to low pressure

  -wind to right in northern hemisphere

  -winds to left in southern hemisphere
• draw atmospheric circulation model

  
• when typhoon landed in the Philippines


  8th November 2013
• km/h winds haiyan


  314
• millimetres of rain haiyan


  280
• people killed haiyan


  8000
• damage haiyan


  $13million
• london heatwave


  21st june 2017
• max temperature london


  34.5
• Hydralic action


  force of water against river bed
• attrition (river)


  rocks hit other rocks
• abrasion (river)


  rocks hit into river bed
• solution (erosion) (river)


  alkaline rocks dissolve in acidic rocks
• solution (transportation)


  dissolved load carried along
• suspension


  small particles carried along
• traction


  large rocks pushed along river bed