macedonia

• greece underestimated macedonia
• philip II, macedonia's new king, began his plan to attack greece
• athenian leaders knew they would be attacked, but couldnt rally troops
• philip was an awesome military leader
• philip is famous for perfecting the phalanx
• phalanx is a group of warriors who stood close together in a square, each with a spear
• as soldiers were killed, another group would step forward
• after philip died, thebes, another greek city, rebelled against alexander
• alexander made an example of thebes by: destroying the city and enslaving its people
• alexander earned the name "alexander the great" when he became one of the greatest conquerors in history
• alexander wanted to continue building his empire, but his army refused to go on
• on his way home, alexander got sick in babylon
• he died at 33 and was taken to egypt to be buried in a golden coffin
• alexander's empire was the biggest empire ever
• he founded cities in the lands that were conquered, and named many Alexandria
• he modeled many cities after greece with temples and theaters
• alexander also encouraged his new people to keep their cultures
• this mixed greek culture with original cultures
• these cultures were called hellenistic / greek like
• when alexander died, he did not have an obvious heir
• three generals ended up fighting for power
• one became king of macedonia, another of egypt, and third of greece
• the new macedonia had a weak government was conquered by romans
• the new syria had too many diffirent cultures and differing ideas to survive. they were also defeated by romans
• the new egypt developed a center of culture and learning, eventually it was conquered by rome