HUMSS ( Filipino Social Thinkers ) 🕵🏻

• Filipino social thinkers have contributed to our understanding of society throughout centuries
• History and society have influenced our Filipino social thinkers
• Isabelo de los Reyes


  Father of Filipino Socialism
• Isabelo de los Reyes


  • Encouraged the creation of works about "local knowledge"
  • Established the first labor union in the country (La Obrera Democratica)
  • Founded La Redencion del Obrera (News paper)
  • Initiated the celebration of Labor day (May 1)
  • Founded Aglipayan Church with Gregorio Aglipay (Iglesia Filipina Independiente)
• Jose Rizal


  One of the leaders of the Propaganda Movement
• Jose Rizal


  • Believed in the importance of education
  • Annotated the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga
  • Wrote Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos in response to the "Indio/Malay Indolence"
  • Wrote Filipinos Dentro De Cien Anos
• Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto


  Central figures in the Philippine Revolution
• Andres Bonifacio


  • Wrote the "Dekalogo" which emphasized certain values such as faith, honor, and diligence
• Emilio Jacinto


  • Wrote the Kartilya and believed in the importance of intellectual liberty
• Manuel L. Quezon


  Father of Social Justice
• Manuel L. Quezon


  • Employed political pragmatism and Social Darwinism in his career
  • Endorsed the use of National Language
• Jose P. Laurel


  • Valued unity
  • Was against colonialism
• Renato Constantino


  • Wrote about colonial mentality
  • Promoted cooperatives and exporting
• Esquivel Embuscado


  • Promoted dissectionism
  • Believed that themes like poverty and war should be portrayed dynamically
  • Believed that originality and adventurousness are of prime importance in art
• Cirilo Bautista


  • Thought of a different way of narrating history
  • Believed in the "rubber tower"
• Claro R. Ceniza


  • Known as a metaphysicist
  • Believes that existence means "standing out" or "making a difference"
  • Believes that things that do not stand out still "subsist"
• Rolando M. Gripaldo


  • Believed that we have free choice, but it can be affected by external factors
  • Differentiated between rational and irrational decisions
• In the 1960s, Filipino values became the focus of research for social scientists in the Philippines
• The central question of the research was to explain why the Philippines has not yet achieved the status of a well-developed nation
• The argument of many social scientists back then was that Filipino values of interpersonal relationships such as pakikisama, close family ties, and bahala na did not foster these traits
• Economic Security


  The ability to meet ordinary material needs without borrowing—that is, through one's resources or those of his own segment
• Social Mobility


  Move to a higher socioeconomic ladder
• Social Acceptance


  A value that is enjoyed when one is accepted by his or her fellow men and women "for what he is, or believes he is, and is treated in accordance with his status" (Can be acquired through a smooth interpersonal relations and hiya or amor propio)
• Smooth Interpersonal Relations


  A facility at getting along with others in such a way as to avoid outward signs of conflict
• Pakikisama


  • An act of giving in or following the lead or suggestion of another
  • Companionship or esteem
• Pakikipagkapwa


  Treating other people as fellow human beings
• Euphemism


  Stating of an unpleasant truth, opinion, or request as pleasantly as possible
• Go-between


  • A third party who is used to assuage a bruise, heal a wound, or prevent injury
  • Employed when making an embarrassing request or to remedy an existing state of conflict or tension
• Hiya


  • The uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action
  • A norm that helps define social behavior, particularly those that deal with face-to-face relations
• Amor propio


  Sensitivity to personal affront
• Reciprocity


  A situation wherein every favor or request is repaid one way or the other
• Contractual reciprocity


  Voluntary agreement between two individuals or groups of people regarding a future activity
• Utang na loob or debt of gratitude

  • Debt of gratitude
  • The principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another
  • Gratitude or solidarity
• Quasi-contractual reciprocity


  Automatically given without any prior agreement or arrangement
• • Forms of reciprocity


  Contractual, utang na loob or debt of gratitude, and quasi-contractual