Innate immunity and inflammation (1&2)

• what are the tissue resident immune cells

  macrophage

  mast cell

  immature dendritic cell
• what are the main functions of macrophages

  phagocytosis

  antigen presentation
• what is the name of liver macrophages

  Kupffer cells
• what is the name of brain/CNS macrophages

  microglia
• what is the name of epidermis macrophages

  langerhans cells
• what is the name of bone macrophages

  osteoclasts
• how are adult macrophages formed from embryonic macrophages

  move from circulation into tissue
• what does PRRs stand for

  pathogen recognition receptors
• what chemokines regulate monocytes?

  monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)
• what is the function of M1 macrophages

  pro inflammatory
• what is the function of M2 macrophages

  anti inflammatory
• what regonises pathogens on cell surface

  TLRs
• what are the pro inflammatory cytokines

  TNF-alpha

  IL-6

  IL-1 beta
• what is an acute phase response

  change in proteins secreted in blood in response to activation by cytokines
• where are mast cells found

  airways, gut, skin
• what do mast cells contain

  histamine
• when are mast cell granules released

  PAMP/DAMP engangment with PRRs

  C3a and C5a

  binding of IgE with Fc epsilon R1
• what are the signs of inflammation

  redness

  heat

  pain

  tissue swelling
• what is acute inflammation

  initial response moving plasma and leukocytes
• what is chronic inflammation

  unnecessary inflammation and tissue destruction
• what is extravasation

  migration of leukocytes out of blood into tissue
• what are the steps of the neutrophil response

  P and E selectins expressed

  surface carbs weakly bind

  neutrophils travel along cell membrane

  neutrophils change shape

  ICAMs bind to strengthen binding

  neutrophils move from blood to tissue by diapedesis
• how do phagolysosomes kill microbes

  oxygen dependent mechanisms
• what mutation causes chronic granulomatous disease

  gene endcoding for NADPH oxidase

  so no formation of superoxide
• what ways can be used to measure the innate response

  neutrophil count

  erythrocyte sedimentation rate

  serum markers
• what is COX 1 used for

  pain

  clotting
• what is COX 2 used for

  inflammatory pain
• what inhibits COX1 and 2

  NSAIDs
• what is the function of dendritic cells

  degrade pathogens

  antigen presentation
• what results in dendritic cell maturation

  engagment of PRRs with PAMPs
• where does the first adaptive immune response occur

  lymph nodes
• what do natural killer cells not have

  antigen receptors
• what are the 2 cytotoxic mediatores of NK granules

  granzyme

  perforin
• what are the death receptors that cause apoptosis

  DR4 and DR5
• when do NKs no longer constrain viral infections

  IFN gamma

  activated by CD8+
• what do B1 cells produce

  IgM
• what immune response are B1 cells part of

  innate
• what 2 things are related to B1 cells

  sIgMhi

  CD43
• where are PRRs found

  phagocytes
• where are sPRRs found

  plasma and lymph