CONTEMPORARY

• Regionalization


  Regional concentration of economic flows
• Regionalism


  Political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries
• Regional Organization


  An organization, the members (participants) of which are national bodies (organizations) for standardization of the states included in the same geographical region of the world and (or) a group of countries undergoing the process of economic integration according to international treaties
• Regional Organizations


  • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
  • European Union (EU)
  • Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • African Union (AU)
  • Organization of American States (OAS)
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Religion


  A system of socially shared symbols, beliefs, and rituals that is directed toward a sacred, supernatural realm, and addresses the ultimate meaning of human existence
• Religion and globalization


  Religion is a channel of globalizing the world since the beginning but it is also the greatest challenge of globalization
• Conflicting views between religion and globalization

  • Religion is concerned about sacred or spiritual things while globalization values more secular and material things
  • Religion's teaching is about simplicity and after-life while globalization has less worry about spiritual realms
  • Religion's goal is for world evangelization while globalists focus on development and markets
• Despite the clashes, religion and globalization are still linked to one another
• Religious groups are also enjoying the benefits of globalization
• The moral deterioration that globalization brings is being criticized by religions
• Five Major Religions


  • Christianity
  • Buddhism
  • Islam
  • Hinduism
  • Judaism
• Global North


  Commonly described as rich countries, developed world, first and second worlds
• Global South


  Commonly described as poor countries, developing world, third world
• Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism

  • Resurgence of militant nationalism and populism
  • Sovereignty vs. regional stability
  • Differences in visions of regionalism
• Globalization depends on the media as its primary channel in spreading global ideas and culture
• Evolution of Media and Globalization

  • Oral Communication
  • Script
  • Printing Press
  • Electronic Media
  • Digital Media
• Cultural Imperialism


  Theory that takes on a macro-perspective of global power dynamics and struggles among state economic relations, particularly the concentration of control and resources at the expense of the development of the rest of the world
• Global City


  An urban centre that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system
• Attributes of a Global City

  • Centers of economic power and activities
  • Centers of authority and political influence
  • Centers of higher learning and culture
• Cultural Imperialism


  Theory that takes on a macro-perspective of global power dynamics and struggles among state economic relations, particularly the concentration of control and resources at the expense of the development of the rest of the world. It views the notion of the free flow of information as a pretense to the one-way flow of cultural products from the North to the South.
• Global City


  An urban centre that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system. It serves as an important focal point for business, global trade, finance, tourism, and globalization to exist.
• The term "Global City" was first coined by Sociologist Saskia Sassen


  1991
• Attributes of a Global City

  • Centers of economic power and activities
  • Centers of authority and political influence
  • Centers of higher learning and culture
• New York


  • Largest city in the United States by population
  • Iconic skyline dominated by skyscrapers such as the Empire State Building and One World Trade Center
  • "Melting Pot City"
  • United Nations' Headquarters is located here
  • Broadway
• Singapore


  • "The Lion City"
  • Singapore Changi Airport
• Tokyo, Japan


  • One of the largest metropolises in the world
  • Shibuya Crossing
• Beijing, China


  • The Great Wall
• Canberra, Australia


  • Parliament house
• One of the greatest challenges to globalization is religion. Despite these challenges, religion and globalization are still linked to one another. Religious groups are also enjoying the benefits of globalization. On the other hand, the moral deterioration that globalization brings is being criticized by religions. Moreover, religion has been a channel of globalizing the world since the beginning.
• Global cities serve as an important focal point for business, global trade, finance, tourism, and globalization to exist