ethics

• Philosophy

  - is something obscure, weird and idiosyncratic (Santiago, 1996)
• • The term philosophy was first coined by Pythagoras, a Greek philosopher.
• •  philos means love, and sophia means wisdom. 
• The ancient Greeks have classified their concept of love into three: eros, philia and agape.
•  Eros (Greek erasthai) refer to that part of love constituting a passionate, intense desire for something, often referred to as a sexual desire,
• • notion of 'erotic' (Greek erotikos).
• • Philia entails a fondness and appreciation of the other
• • the term philia incorporated not just friendship, but also loyalties to family and polis - one's political community, job, or discipline.
• Agape refers to the paternal love of God
• During pythagoras there were three classification of men 

  1. The lovers of pleasure 
  2. The lovers of succes 
  3. The lovers of wisdom 
• • The philosophers belong to the third classification
• Philosophy is defined in two fashions: etymologically and essentially/classically.
• • Classically, philosophy is the "search for meaning".
• • Many have described philosophy as the 'science of all sciences'; as 'mother of all sciences', or the "search for the ultimate meaning of reality"
• 1. Philosophy and Science. 

  • both discuss the fundamental truths about the universe.
  • study nature and life.
• 2. Philosophy and History.

  • are interrelated fields that are dependent to each other.
• Philosophy and Mathematics. are both logical bodies of knowledge. 
• History serves as the breeding ground of philosophy
• • Philosophy, defines history and interprets its existence for better understanding of the past, a clear view of the present and more positive outlook in anticipation of the future.
•  Philosophy and Religion. These are inseparable fields in a sense that one justifies the other.
• religion is generally a philosophical culmination of basic and complex ideas about almost everything both justifiable or not
• -philosophy is a religious context that tries to concretize divine beliefs, ideas, opinions, facts and supposition in order that the world will be aware of it and believe in it.
• Language makes philosophical text possible, through it, ideas, opinions, truths, and theories
• Philosophy, makes language more meaningful, flexible, versatile, creative and significant.
• Major Disciplines in Philosophy

  1. Logic as the study of right and sound reasoning.

  2. Epistemology as the study of the validity of knowledge.

  3. Metaphysics seeks to explain the fundamental concept of being.

  4. Aesthetics as the philosophical study of beauty.

  5. Cosmology deals with the study of real things in the universe.

  6. Theodicy is the study of God and His nature.

  7. Social Philosophy as the study of human and their relation to society.

  8. Ethics as the science of the morality of human acts.
• Ethics from its Greek word ethos means a characteristic way of doing things or body of customs.
• The practice of ethical/moral life implies imperatives or the "sine qua non" of ethics for without which, ethics would collapse. In her book, Emerita Quito (2008)
•  Imperatives of Ethics

  Human Freedom

  Existence of God

   Immortality of the Soul
• Justice is deserved only to humans who are free to choose their course of action. Freedom always entails then right to choose.
• Responsibility is an indispensable implication in human actions which would be meaningless unless human is free.
•  Human Freedom

  Freedom is an inherent human power to act or not to act that makes them responsible for their actions.
• Existence of God

  God's presence is a salient factor that makes sense in the study of ethics. Without God's existence that postulates human's belief, they (humans) find no reason to do good and avoid evil. When one talks about morality,
•  Immortality of the Soul

  -if there is no life after earth where the soul believed to perpetuate life beyond, then good deeds are not rewarded nor evil doers are punished. Hence, there is no sense at all to lead a better life, neither to make sacrifices nor to deny one's self from the lure of this world. Immortality of the soul is, indeed, a cornerstone in ethics.
• ETHICS AND MORALS

  These two define the personality, attitude, and behavior of a person.
•  MORAL is derived from a Latin word “mos” which means custom.
• ETHICS is derived from a Greek Word “ethikos” which means character.
• MORALS

  Morals are concerned with principles of right and wrong.
• ETHICS

  Ethics is related to right and wrong conduct of am individual in a particular situation.
• ETHICS AND MORALITY are set of rules that govern human actions to ensure mutual respect and cooperation.
• Rules are instructions that tell what we are allowed to do and what we are not allowed to do (Collin’s Dictionary)