Science 2.0

• Keywords

  • ciliated epithelium
  • lower epidermis
  • onion epidermis
  • organ
  • organ system
  • organism
  • palisade layer
  • spongy layer
  • tissue
  • upper epidermis
• Organism


  A living thing, including animals and plants
• Cell


  The basic unit of life, most are specialized to carry out a particular activity
• Tissue


  A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
• Tissue from a plant

  • Onion epidermis
• Tissue from an animal

  • Ciliated epithelium
• Organ


  A part of the body of a plant or animal that has a specific function
• Organ system


  A set of organs that work together to carry out the same function
• Organs are made up of several different kinds of tissue working together
• States of matter


  • Solids
  • Liquids
  • Gases
• Matter


  Everything you see and feel
• Property


  The way matter behaves
• Solids


  • Keep the same shape
  • Take up the same amount of space
  • Keep the same volume
  • Cannot be compressed or poured
• Liquids


  • Take the shape of the container
  • Can be poured
  • Cannot be compressed
  • Take up the same amount of space
• Gases


  • Flow like liquids
  • Fill any closed container
  • Very easy to compress
  • Volume can change
  • Weigh very little
  • Cannot see or feel but can smell and feel air moving
• Particle theory


  All matter is made up of tiny particles that are much too small to see
• Particles in solids


  • Arranged in a fixed pattern
  • Held together strongly
  • Tightly packed
  • Can vibrate but stay in the same place
• Particles in liquids


  • Touch each other
  • Held together weakly
  • Can move past one another but still touch
• Particles in gases


  • Do not touch each other
  • A long way apart
  • Spread out by themselves
  • Can spread out to fill up the space
• Matter can only flow (be poured)


  If the particles can move past one another
• Matter can only change volume

  If the particles can spread out or move closer together
• Vacuum


  A space where there are no particles at all
• Melting point


  The temperature at which a solid melts
• Evaporation


  The process of water changing to water vapor, an invisible gas
• Boiling point


  The temperature at which a liquid boils
• Condensation


  The process of water vapor or steam changing back to liquid water
• Change of state


  The process of a substance changing between solid, liquid, and gas
• Meniscus


  The curve at the top of a liquid in a measuring cylinder
• Thermometer


  An instrument used to measure temperature
• To measure volume, you read from the bottom of the meniscus and ensure your eye is level with it
• To measure temperature, you read the scale and ensure your eye is level with the top of the liquid in the thermometer