Care of the Mother and the Fetus during the Perinatal Period

    Cards (67)

    • Prenatal Care
      • is essential for ensuring the overall health of newborns and their mothers
      • A strategy for helping mothers to reduce complications of pregnancy
    • Health Assessment during the first Prenatal visit First Prenatal Visit
      • First visit – as soon as they suspect they are pregnant
      • Every 4 wks. through - 28th wk. of pregnancy
      • Every 2 wks. through - 36th wk. and then every wk. until birth
    • Screening on the first Prenatal visit:
      • Health history
      • Complete physical examination (Pelvic examination)
      • Blood and urine specimen for laboratory analysis
      • Manual pelvic measurement to determine pelvic adequacy
    • Components of Health history
      • Demographic Data
      • Chief concern
      • Family profile
      • History of Past Illnesses
      • History of Family Illnesses
      • Day History/ Social Profile
      • Gynecologic History
      • Past Surgery
      • Reproductive Planning
      • Sexual history
      • Stress Incontinence
      • Obstetric History
    • Demographic Data – name, age, address, religion, place of employment, ethnicity
    • Chief concern
      • Document the date of LMP
      • Signs of early pregnancy
      • Discomfort of pregnancy
      • Danger signs (bleeding, abdominal pain, continuous headache, visual disturbances
    • Tetracyclineantibiotic causes long bone defects in fetus
    • Herbal supplement -stimulate uterine contraction and interfere with fetal health
    • Intimate Partner Violence – need to be identified the amount and severity of violenc
    • Menstrual History – (Menarche, cycle, interval, duration, amount of menstrual flow, any discomfort)
    • Menarchefirst menstrual period
    • Dysmenorrhea – painful menstruation
    • Perineal self-examination – inspecting external genitalia monthly for signs of infections or lesions
    • Breast self-examination – normal breast changes during pregnancy
    • Mammograms when they reach 40years old, a yearly breast examination by health care provider
    • Obstetric History – determining gravidity and Parity
    • Parity or Para – the number of births after 20 weeks, whether live births or stillbirths
    • Abortion is not included in parity count, because in abortion, the fetus is delivered before the age of viability (before 20 weeks)
    • Live birth or stillbirth is counted in Parity count, whether the fetus is born alive or stillbirth
    • Stillbirth - is the delivery after the 20th week of pregnancy, of a baby who has died
    • Gravida- number of pregnancies regardless of duration or outcomes (Total Pregnancy)
    • A gravida (G) is a woman who:
      • Is pregnant (present) now
      • Has been pregnant (past), irrespective of the outcome of pregnanc
    • A nulligravida (G) is a woman who:
      • Is not pregnant now
      • Has never been pregnant
    • Gravida - number of pregnancies regardless of duration or outcomes (Total Pregnancy)
    • Primigravida – is a woman who is pregnant for the first time (G1)
    • Multigravida – is a woman who has been pregnant previously (G2 and more)
    • Grand multigravida – is a woman who has had six or more pregnancies (G6 and more)
    • Primipara - is a woman who has given birth to one child past age of viability
    • Multipara – is a woman who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability (before 24 weeks, weighs 500-600 grams)
    • Grand multipara – is a woman who has had 6 or more viable deliveries, whether the fetuses were alive or dead
    • Obstetrical Scoring – a comprehensive system for classifying pregnancy status
    • Naegele’s Rule - is the standard method used to predict the length of pregnancy.
    • Mc Donald’s Rule - helps in estimating fetal gestational age using fundic height.
    • Bartholomew’s rule – measures AOG by determining the position of the uterus in the abdominal cavity
    • 12 weeks – the uterus becomes palpable as a firm globular sphere showing over the symphysis pubis
    • 20th weeks – palpable at the level of the umbilicus (5 mos.)
    • 36th weeks – touches the xiphoid process (9 mos.)
    • 38th week – 2 weeks before term for primigravida the fetal head settles into the pelvis and the uterus returns to the height it was at 36 weeks
    • Leopold’s Maneuver - are systematic abdominal palpation to determine the position and presentation of the fetus. They are done at about 32 weeks and over.
    • Factors that affect reliability of findings:
      • Obesity
      • Polyhydramnios
      • Anterior placental location