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Biology
Topic 5 Health, Disease and Development of Medicines
Immune System & Defences
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Created by
Fred oldham
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Cards (24)
What is the main function of the human body's defense system?
To protect against
pathogens
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What are the two main components of the body's defense system?
Physical and chemical barriers
Immune system
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What acts as a physical barrier to pathogens?
Skin
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How does skin help protect against pathogens?
It secretes oils and
antimicrobial
substances
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Through which openings can pathogens enter the body?
Nose
and
mouth
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What adaptations do our noses have to prevent pathogen entry?
Little hairs and
mucus
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What are the two tubes that pathogens must pass through from the throat?
Trachea
and
esophagus
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What is the role of mucus in the trachea?
To trap
particles
and
pathogens
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What are psyia and their function in the respiratory system?
Tiny
structures
that
move
mucus
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What does the stomach produce to kill pathogens?
Hydrochloric acid
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What is the pH level of stomach contents?
About 2
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What happens when pathogens enter the body despite defenses?
The
immune system
hunts them down
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What is the primary type of cell in the immune system?
White blood cells
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What is the process called when white blood cells consume pathogens?
Phagocytosis
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What do antitoxins do in the immune response?
Counteract toxins produced by
pathogens
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What are antigens?
Substances detected as foreign by the
immune system
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What are antibodies?
Proteins
made by
white blood cells
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How do antibodies function in the immune response?
They bind to
foreign antigens
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What happens when the immune system recognizes a pathogen?
It produces many specific
antibodies
quickly
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What does it mean to be immune to a disease?
The body can quickly destroy
pathogens
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What are the key functions of white blood cells?
Phagocytosis
: engulf pathogens
Producing
antitoxins
: counteract toxins
Producing
antibodies
: target foreign antigens
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Where can students find more educational resources?
On the website
cognito.org
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What additional resources does cognito.org offer?
Questions,
flashcards
, and exam papers
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How does cognito.org help track student progress?
By monitoring
study
activities
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