Adrenaline & Thyroxine

Cards (35)

  • What is adrenaline?
    A hormone produced by adrenal glands
  • When is adrenaline produced?
    In times of fear or stress
  • Where are the adrenal glands located?
    On top of the kidneys
  • What does adrenaline do to glucose and oxygen delivery?
    Boosts delivery to tissues
  • How does adrenaline affect heart rate?
    It increases heart rate
  • What is the effect of increased heart rate on blood volume?
    More blood is pumped
  • Why is more glucose and oxygen delivered to the brain and muscles?
    To improve their functioning
  • What do glucose and oxygen react to release?
    More energy
  • What does the increase in energy allow muscles to do?
    React faster and stronger to danger
  • What is the body's response to adrenaline called?
    Fight or flight response
  • What does the fight or flight response help us do?
    Fight danger or run away
  • How does the fight or flight response relate to our ancestors?
    It reflects their choices in danger
  • Why might adrenaline not help in modern challenges?
    Challenges may not be physical
  • What are the key effects of adrenaline on the body?
    • Increases heart rate
    • Boosts glucose and oxygen delivery
    • Enhances brain and muscle functioning
    • Triggers fight or flight response
  • How does adrenaline affect energy levels during stress?
    • Increases energy release
    • Improves reaction speed
    • Enhances strength for responses
  • Compare the fight or flight response in ancient times to modern challenges.
    • Ancient: Physical dangers (e.g., predators)
    • Modern: Non-physical challenges (e.g., exams)
    • Adrenaline's effectiveness varies by context
  • What hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?
    Thyroxine
  • Where is the thyroid gland located?
    In the neck
  • What stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine?
    The pituitary gland
  • What is the pituitary gland known as?
    The Master gland
  • What is the role of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
    To stimulate the thyroid to produce thyroxine
  • What does thyroxine regulate in the body?
    The basal metabolic rate
  • What is metabolism?
    The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
  • What is the basal metabolic rate?
    The rate of metabolism at rest
  • What other roles does thyroxine play in the body?
    It controls growth and development
  • How does thyroxine affect bones?
    It regulates the growth of bones
  • How does thyroxine affect the brain?
    It regulates the development of the brain
  • What mechanism controls thyroxine levels in the body?
    Negative feedback
  • What happens when thyroxine levels are low?
    The brain detects low thyroxine
  • What does the pituitary gland do when thyroxine is low?
    Produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • What happens when thyroxine levels rise?
    The brain detects high thyroxine
  • What occurs when thyroxine levels are too high?
    TSH release is inhibited
  • What is the result of the negative feedback mechanism for thyroxine?
    Thyroxine levels return to a set point
  • What are the key functions of thyroxine in the body?
    • Regulates basal metabolic rate
    • Controls growth and development
    • Affects growth of bones and brain
  • Describe the negative feedback mechanism for regulating thyroxine levels.
    1. Brain detects low thyroxine
    2. Pituitary produces TSH
    3. TSH stimulates thyroid to produce thyroxine
    4. Thyroxine levels rise
    5. Brain detects high thyroxine
    6. TSH release is inhibited
    7. Thyroxine levels fall