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Biology
Topic 7 Animal Coordination Control and Homeostatis
Adrenaline & Thyroxine
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Created by
Fred oldham
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Cards (35)
What is adrenaline?
A
hormone
produced by
adrenal glands
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When is adrenaline produced?
In times of
fear
or
stress
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Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of the
kidneys
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What does adrenaline do to glucose and oxygen delivery?
Boosts
delivery
to
tissues
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How does adrenaline affect heart rate?
It increases heart rate
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What is the effect of increased heart rate on blood volume?
More
blood
is
pumped
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Why is more glucose and oxygen delivered to the brain and muscles?
To improve their
functioning
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What do glucose and oxygen react to release?
More
energy
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What does the increase in energy allow muscles to do?
React faster and stronger to
danger
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What is the body's response to adrenaline called?
Fight or flight response
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What does the fight or flight response help us do?
Fight danger
or
run away
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How does the fight or flight response relate to our ancestors?
It reflects their choices in danger
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Why might adrenaline not help in modern challenges?
Challenges may not be physical
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What are the key effects of adrenaline on the body?
Increases
heart rate
Boosts
glucose
and oxygen delivery
Enhances brain and muscle functioning
Triggers fight or flight response
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How does adrenaline affect energy levels during stress?
Increases
energy
release
Improves
reaction
speed
Enhances
strength
for
responses
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Compare the fight or flight response in ancient times to modern challenges.
Ancient: Physical dangers (e.g.,
predators
)
Modern: Non-physical challenges (e.g.,
exams
)
Adrenaline's
effectiveness varies by context
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What hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine
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Where is the thyroid gland located?
In
the
neck
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What stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine?
The
pituitary gland
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What is the pituitary gland known as?
The
Master gland
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What is the role of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
To stimulate the thyroid to produce
thyroxine
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What does thyroxine regulate in the body?
The
basal metabolic rate
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What is metabolism?
The sum of all
chemical reactions
in a
cell
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What is the basal metabolic rate?
The rate of
metabolism
at rest
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What other roles does thyroxine play in the body?
It controls
growth
and development
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How does thyroxine affect bones?
It regulates the growth of bones
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How does thyroxine affect the brain?
It
regulates
the
development
of
the
brain
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What mechanism controls thyroxine levels in the body?
Negative feedback
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What happens when thyroxine levels are low?
The brain detects
low
thyroxine
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What does the pituitary gland do when thyroxine is low?
Produces
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
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What happens when thyroxine levels rise?
The
brain
detects
high thyroxine
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What occurs when thyroxine levels are too high?
TSH
release is inhibited
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What is the result of the negative feedback mechanism for thyroxine?
Thyroxine levels return to a
set point
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What are the key functions of thyroxine in the body?
Regulates
basal metabolic rate
Controls
growth and development
Affects growth of bones and brain
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Describe the negative feedback mechanism for regulating thyroxine levels.
Brain detects
low
thyroxine
Pituitary produces
TSH
TSH stimulates
thyroid
to produce thyroxine
Thyroxine levels rise
Brain detects
high
thyroxine
TSH release is inhibited
Thyroxine levels fall
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