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• Fire


  A friend when controlled, but a great enemy when not controlled
• Elements of the Fire Triangle

  • Fuel
  • Heat
  • Oxygen

  
• Fuel


  Any material that can be burned such as solid, liquid, or gas
• Combustion


  Takes place when fuel is converted into gaseous state as moisture is removed
• Heat


  An energy that flows through object. Enough amount of heat would free the vapor from solid and liquid forms of fuel
• Flash point


  The lowest temperature needed to form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid
• Oxygen


  An element, an estimated 21% of it can be found in the air. It is released during the combustion process and serves as an oxidizing agent for combustible materials
• Without an oxidizing agent like oxygen there will be no fire even if heat and fuel are present
• Fire Extinguishment Theory


  • Removing the Heat
  • Removing the Oxygen
  • Removing the Fuel

  
• Removing the Heat


  The goal is to lower the temperature, usually accomplished by adding water as an extinguishing agent
• Removing the Oxygen


  Accomplished by separating it from the fuel source or by displacing it with other gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen and steam
• Removing the Fuel


  Not a practical way of extinguishing fire except when dealing with flammable liquid fires, where valves can be shut off and storage vessels pumped to safe areas

  
• Fire Starters

  • Natural Causes
  • Man-made Causes
• Natural Causes


  Lightning, volcanic activities, spontaneous combustion
• Man-made Causes


  • Cooking equipment
  • Heaters
  • Smoking in bedrooms
  • Candles
  • Curious children
  • Faulty wiring
  • Barbeques
  • Flammable liquids
  • Lighting
• Fire Hazards


  Fire is considerably a friend but once fire is not controlled it could be one of our greatest enemies. Irresponsibility may lead to disaster, and everything may change as fast as a split of a second.
• Classification of Fire and their Respective Sources and Symbols

  • Class A
  • Class B
  • Class C
  • Class D
  • Class K

  
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  • Water and Foam
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Dry Chemical
  • Wet Chemical
  • Clean Agent
  • Dry Powder
  • Water Mist

  
• Classes of Fire that can be Extinguished by a Particular Chemical Extinguisher

  • Class A
  • Class B
  • Class C
  • Class D
  • Class K

  
• Fire Safety Signs

  • Green and White
  • Blue
  • Red

  
• Green and White Fire Exit Signs


  Indicate a safe condition. Normally show a rapidly walking man and an arrow.
• Blue Fire Safety Signs


  Indicate a mandatory action or a must do action.
• Red Fire Safety Signs


  Indicate prohibition, or you must not go on that location because it might pose danger or harm. Also signify the location of fire equipment and supplementary information.

  
• Safety Procedures


  • Cooking Safety
  • Cigarettes
  • Electrical Safety
  • Candle Safety
  • Spontaneous Combustion
• Cooking Safety


  Cooking is the number 1 cause of home fires, and unattended cooking is the top contributing factor. Things to do to prevent cooking fire: Do not leave your cooking unattended, keep handles of pots and pans turned in, don't put anything that catches fire near your stove or burner. Things to do to control cooking fire: Cover the fire by placing a lid over the pan, turn off the burner or stove, in case of oven fire, turn off the heat and keep the door closed, in case of microwave, unplug the power source and keep the door closed.
• Cigarettes


  Cigarettes are the leading causes of fire deaths. Fires from smoking material can be prevented by: Do not smoke in bed or anywhere that you might fall asleep, if you smoke, do it outside, do not discard cigarettes in potted plants, landscaping vegetation or bark dust, use a deep, sturdy ashtray or a non-combustible container that cannot be tipped over, before throwing away butts or ashes, douse in water or sand, never smoke in a home where oxygen is used.
• Electrical Safety


  Electrical problem is one of the causes of structure fires and fire deaths. Fires caused by electric can be prevented by: Avoid overloading outlets, don't use an extension cord with a major appliance, in case a fuse blows or a circuit breaker trips often, light became dim, or outlets or switches became heated, call a qualified electrician to inspect and fix the problem, before using a lamp bulb check the box or label first, power strips with circuit breakers can be useful tools but if used incorrectly they can cause a fire, do not place extension cords under carpets or mattresses, do regular checking of electrical cords and replace immediately if damaged.
• Candle Safety


  The following are the safety tips on how to prevent candle fire from happening: Use candle holders that are stable to prevent the candle from falling into the floor or near something that is flammable or easily burn, keep candles at least 12 inches away from anything that can burn, blow out candles when you leave the room or go to bed, never burn a candle if medical oxygen or any flammable substance is nearby.
• Spontaneous Combustion


  Spontaneous combustion happens when a material can produce or accumulate its own heat and can cause increase in temperature without drawing heat from its surroundings. Examples of materials that are prone to spontaneous combustion include: oily rags, hay, and other agricultural products. To prevent these fires at home, store oily rags in non-combustible (e.g. metal) container with lid closed. Prior to disposal, soak rags in water then spread them out in a safe outdoor area to dry.