Eng lesson 6

• Paragraph


  A group of interrelated sentences that focus on one main idea
• Essay


  A group of paragraphs that focus on one central idea
• Paragraph


  • Topic Sentence
  • Supporting Sentences
  • Cohesive Devices
  • Closing Sentence
• Main Idea


  Expressed in a topic sentence, the key information in the paragraph
• Central Idea


  Expressed in a thesis statement, what the paragraph develops, supports, or proves
• Essay


  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Introduction


  Lead or attention-getting statements, transitional paragraph
• Body


  Where the topic is developed and arguments are discussed
• Conclusion


  Restatement of thesis, transitional statement, closing statement
• Unity


  Composition is focused on one idea and all supporting ideas are relevant
• Coherence


  Connection of ideas at the conceptual or idea level
• Cohesion


  Connection of ideas at the sentence level, creating a smooth flow
• Cohesion techniques


  • Use of pronouns
  • Use of transitional devices
  • Repetition of keywords
• Levels of Language Use

  • Informal/Personal
  • Standard/Academic
  • Business/Technical
• Principles in Language Use

  • Use clear and concise sentences
  • Avoid redundancies and wordiness
  • Avoid overusing "there" and "It"
  • Use precise vocabulary
  • Be consistent in pronoun point of view
  • Avoid sexist language
  • Use appropriate level of formality
• General Principles


  • Always use standard English
  • Avoid Contraction
  • Avoid exclamation marks unless part of a quotation
  • Mention full name in first mention, thereafter use abbreviations
  • Numbers zero to ten vs 11 and so on
  • Citations are used in academic and formal texts but sparingly used in business texts
• Mechanics


  • Spelling
  • Capitalization
  • Abbreviation and Acronyms
  • Numbers
  • Punctuation Marks
  • Grammar
• Punctuation Marks


  • Period
  • Exclamation Point
  • Question Mark
  • Quotation Marks
  • Apostrophe
  • Colon
  • Parentheses
  • Brackets
  • Hyphen
  • Dash
  • Slash
  • Semicolon
  • Ellipsis
  • Comma