Unit 2

Created by

Zhelbreen Cabatu

Cards (15)

Taxonomy 
The classification, description, identification, and naming of organisms
Carolus Linnaeus (1701-1778) 
Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician and the most famous early taxonomist
Published Systema Naturae in 1735, where he proposed the Linnaean taxonomy
Divided the natural world into three kingdoms: animal, plant and mineral
Grouped organisms by level – Kingdom, class, order, family, genus and species
Phylogeny 
The evolutionary history, an account of evolutionary relationships of all species on earth
Phylogenetic tree (Tree of Life) 
A diagram depicting the evolutionary history and relationships of species
Carolus Linnaeus (1758) 
Developed a new way to categorize plants and animals
Ernst Haeckel (1866) 
Wrote general morphology of organisms, proposing the third and the fourth kingdom (Monera and Protista)
Robert Whittaker (1969) 
Proposed adding the fifth kingdom (FUNGI) to the tree of life
Carl Woese and George Fox 
Created the genetics-based tree of life based on the similarities and differences in the gene sequences coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA (mRNA) of different organisms
Binomial nomenclature 
A two-word naming system for identifying organisms by genus and species, developed by Linnaeus
Taxonomic/scientific name 
Latin, Greek or English name distinctive of the organism or discoverer, abbreviated after first mention
Bergey's Manual 
A set of manuals for identifying and classifying different prokaryotes, standard references
Strains 
Subtypes within one species of microorganism, nearly identical but have different attributes
Prokaryotes 
Organisms that lack a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes, including bacteria and archaea, most less than 1 micometer
Eukaryotes 
Organisms with nucleus, unicellular or multicellular, including protists, fungi, plants and animals
Acellular microbes 
Not composed of cells, inert outside of a host, including virus, viroids, prions