PHYSICS II (MIDTERMS)

• William Gilbert discovers many other substances that possess the same ability of the amber.

  • Electrics (Objects)
  • Electricity (Ability)
  • Greek word of amber (Elektriks)
• Electrostatics is the study of all phenomena associated with electric charges at rest.
• Benjamin Franklin did the Kite Experiment and discovered that there are two types of charges, positive and negative. He also discovered that like charges repel and unlike charges attract one another.
• Electric charge was quantized by Robert Millikan and found that the smallest possible unit is the charge of one electron/proton : e = 1.602x10^19
• Electric charge was conserved by Benjamin Franklin.
• Atom is the smallest particle of an element.
• Proton is the positive charge of an atom.
• Electron is the negative charge of an atom.
• Neutron is the neutral charge of an atom.
• Conductors are materials which charge can move freely.
• Insulators do not charge at all or charge poorly.
• Semi-Conductors are materials that have properties between those of insulators and conductors.
• Doping is the process of adding some element to improve conductivity of semiconductors.
• Superconductors are materials that are perfect conductors, allowing charge to move without any hindrance.
• Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, a Dutch physicist, discovered superconductivity by cooling a mercury.
• Charles Coulomb measured the changes in the electric force as he varied the distance between two objects and the charges on them.
• Electric Field are space surrounding a charged body, causes any charge to experience an electric force.
• Michael Faraday introduced the concept of electric field.
• Electric Field Lines are imaginary lines drawn in such a way their direction at any point is the same as the direction of the field at the point.
• In Electric Field Line Patters, positive point charge will radiate outward equally in all directions.
• In Electric Field Line Patterns, a negative point charge will point inward equally in all directions.
• Electric Flux measured the number of field lines passing through a surface.
• Carl Friedrich Gauss formulated the law which related the electric field, electric flux, and electric charge.