Section 6- Programming

• What are the main data types?


  Integer, real (or float), boolean, character, string
• What is an integer?

  Whole number
• What is a real?

  A decimal number
• What is a boolean?

  Data that can only represent two values (true or false)
• What is a character?

  A single letter, number or symbol
• What is a string?

  A collection of characters
• What is casting?

  Functions that allow you to convert between data types
• What are the codes for casting?

  int() -changes to an integer

  bool() -changes to a boolean

  real() -changes to a real

  str() -changes to a string

  ASC() -changes to an ASCII number

  CHR() -changes to a character
• What is the operator addition?

  +
• What is the operator for subtraction?

  -
• What is the operator for multiplication?


  *
• What is the operator for division?

  /
• What is the operator for exponentiation (squaring)

  **
• What is the operator for quotient or the whole number part of division?

  DIV
• What is the operator for finding the remainder?


  MOD or %
• What is the assignment operator and what does it do?

  =

  Assigns values to constants or variables
• What is the comparison operator for 'is equal to'?

  ==
• What is the comparison operator for 'not equal to'?


  !=
• What is the comparison operator for 'less than'?

  <
• What is the comparison operator for 'greater than'?

  >
• What is the comparison operator for 'less than or equal to'?

  <=
• What is the comparison operator for 'greater than or equal to'?


  >=
• What can data values be stored as?

  Constants or variables
• What is a constant?

  An assigned data value that can't be changed (if attempted to assign a new value it will return an error)
• What is a variable?

  An assigned data value that can be changed
• Where are strings written?

  Inside quotation marks
• What is concatenation?

  Where strings are joined together to form new strings
• What function changes all characters to upper case?

  x.upper
• What function changes all characters to lower case?

  x.lower
• What function that returns the number of characters?

  x.length
• What function extracts the first number (i) of characters from the string?

  x.left(i)
• What function extracts the last number (i) of characters from the string?


  x.left(i)
• What function extracts a string starting at position a with length b?

  x.substring(a, b)
• What does an if statement do?

  Allows you to check if a condition is true or false, and the next action is dependant on that result
• What is a nested if statement?

  Allows you to check more conditions once you've established that the previous condition is true
• What is the code to use a nested if statement?

  if - elseif statements
• What do switch statements do?

  Can check the value of a variable
• What is a for loop?

  An example of a count controlled loop (loop will repeat a fixed number of times
• What is an example of a for loop?

  for k = 1 to 100
• What are condition controlled loops?

  DO UNTIL

  WHILE