HE

• Teaching method


  The way the information is taught that brings the learner into contact with what is to be learned
• Teaching methods


  • Lecture
  • Group Discussion
  • One to one instruction
  • Demonstration and Return Demonstration
  • Gaming
  • Simulation
  • Role Play
  • Role Model
  • Self- Instruction
• Lecture


  Highly structured method by which the educator verbally transmits information directly to a group of learners for the purpose of instruction
• Parts of a lecture

  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Group discussion

  Method of teaching where learners get together to actively exchange information, feelings and opinions with one another and with educator
• Team-based learning


  The educator offers structured, student centered environment with the goal to enrich the student's learning through active learning strategies. Composed of 5-10 students in a team throughout the semester
• Cooperative learning


  Highly structured group work focusing on problem solving that leads to deep learning and critical thinking. The educator is the center of authority in the class, with group tasks usually more closed ended and often having specific answers
• Case study


  Offers the learners an opportunity to become thoroughly acquainted with patient situation before discussing patient and family needs and identifying health related problems. It leads to the development of analytical and problem-solving skills, exploration of complex issues and application of new knowledge and skills in the clinical practice arena
• Seminar


  Interactions are stimulated by the posing of question by the educator. The format consists of several sessions in which a group of students, facilitated by the educator, discuss questions and issues that emerge from assigned readings on a topic of practical relevance
• One to one instruction

  May be given formally or informally. Face to face delivery of information specifically designed to meet the needs of an individual learner
• Demonstration - Return demonstration

  Demonstration- done by the educator to show the learner how to perform a certain skill. Return Demonstration – done by the learner, carried out as an attempt to establish competence by performing a task with cues from the educator as needed
• Gaming


  Method of instruction requires the learner to participate in a competitive activity with preset rules. The goal is for the learner to win a game by applying knowledge and rehearsing skills previously learned
• Simulation


  Trial and error method of teaching whereby an artificial experience is created that engages the learner in an activity that reflects real-life conditions but without the risk-taking consequences of an actual situation
• Gaba, 2004: 'Simulation is a technique, not a technology, to replace or amplify real experiences with guided experiences that replicate substantial aspects of the real world in a fully interactive manner'
• Role-playing approach


  Method of instruction by which learners actively participate in an unrehearsed dramatization. Participants are asked to play an assigned character as they think the character would act realistically. This technique is intended to arouse feelings and elicit emotional responses in the learners
• Role modeling


  Use of self as a role model. Teaching method to achieve behavior change in the affective domain
• Self instruction


  Teaching method used by the educator to provide/design instructional activities that guide the learner in independently achieving the objectives of learning. Self contained educational activity that allows learners to progress by themselves at their own pace
• Teaching plan


  A blueprint to achieve the goal and the objectives that have been developed
• Elements of the teaching plan

  • The purpose
  • A statement of the overall goal
  • A list of objectives (and sub objectives, if necessary)
  • An outline of the related content
  • The instructional method(s) used for teaching the related content
  • The time allotted for the teaching of each objective
  • The instructional resources (materials/tool needed)
  • The method(s) used to evaluate learning
• Learning contract


  A mutually negotiated agreement, usually in the form of a written document drawn up by the teacher and the learner, that specifies what the learner will learn, how learning will be achieved and within what time allotment, and the criteria for measuring the success of the venture
• Teaching plan


  A map for organizing and keeping instruction on target
• Purpose of a teaching plan

  To communicate in writing and in an outline format exactly what is being taught, how it is being taught, how it is evaluated
• Elements of a teaching plan

  • The purpose
  • A statement of the overall goal
  • A list of objectives (and sub objectives, if necessary)
  • An outline of the related content
  • The instructional method(s) used for teaching the related content
  • The time allotted for the teaching of each objective
  • The instructional resources (materials/tool needed)
  • The method(s) used to evaluate learning

  
• Instructional goal


  A desired long-term outcome of instruction
• Instructional objective


  The desired outcome of a lesson or unit

  
• Objectives should be what helps you and your students reach your goal. Students should be told what the objectives of a lesson are

  
• This helps them focus their attention, allocate their study time, and more effectively use metacognitive strategies
• Criteria for writing useful goals and objectives

  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Achievable
  • Relevant
  • Time-bound
• Useful objectives


  • The student will identify the main thesis or argument in a scholarly paper
  • The students will demonstrate effective ways of kicking, dribbling, and passing the ball
  • Given a sentence written in the future tense, the student will be able to rewrite the sentence in the past tense with no errors
• ABCD approach

  • A - Audience
  • B - Behavior
  • C - Condition
  • D - Degree
• Audience


  The learners, readers or participants, not the instructor
• Behavior


  What the participants will do
• Condition


  Imposed by the instructor, states what conditions the instructor will impose when the learners are demonstrating mastery of a skill
• Degree


  The standard or criterion for judging the behavioral performance
• Learning domains


  • Cognitive domain
  • Affective domain
  • Psychomotor domain
• Cognitive domain deals with intellectual abilities and approximately 80% of educational objectives fall into this domain
• Affective domain relates to the expression of feelings, including emotions, fears, interests, attitudes, beliefs, values and appreciations, and is often the most difficult objectives to develop
• Psychomotor domain is the easiest objectives to write as the behavior is easily observed and monitored. Psychomotor skills often involve the use of tools or instruments