Measles

• Measles


  A respiratory disease caused by a virus
• They first isolated the virus in 1954.

  Novel Laureate John F. Enders & Thomas Peebles
• The measles vaccine was developed in 1963.
• Measles: Specie
• Measle Genus: Morbillivirus
• Measle Family: Paramyxoviridae
• 90% - Percentage of individuals who are exposed can be infected.
• • WHO estimates that approximately 14,0000 people died in measles in 2018.
• Mohammed-e Zakaria-ye Razi -

  • Also known by the Europeanized name Rhazes.
  • Published one of the first written accounts of measles disease.
• • In 1963, measles vaccines was liscensed in the United States.
• • 1968, measles vaccines began to be distributed.
• Measles was declared eliminated from the US in 2000.
• Elimination means there was no continuous disease transmission for more than 12 months.
• Novel Laureate John F. Enders & Thomas Peebles -They first isolated the virus in 1954.
• Risk Factors

  • Vitamin A Deficiency
  • Malnutrition
  • Immunocompromised
  • Pregnant Woman
  • Very Young and Very Old: Due to being immunocompromised.
• Modes of  Transmission

  • Human to human via droplets
  • Airborne.
• • Infectious Period: 4 days before the appearance of Rash to 4 days after.
• Stage 1

  • Incubation Period: 6-21 days (13 days).
  • Asymptomatic.
• Stage 2: Prodrome

  • Occurs for 2-4 days (up to 8 days).
  • Fever, malaise, anorexia.
  • 40%
• • 3 Cs
  • Conjunctivitis (Non-Purulent).
  • Coryza (Runny Nose).

  Cough.
• Stage 3: Exanthem

  • Koplik Spots prior to exanthem.
  • White, gray, and blue spots on the erythematous base.
• Inner ear Infection (Otitis Media).
• Measle Diagnosis

  • Clinical Diagnosis.
  • Serology
  • Anti-measles IgM antibodies.
  • RT-PCR for viral genetics.
• MMR (V) Vaccine

  • Live vaccine.
  • According to the WHO (2020), 73% reduction in cases of measles worldwide between the years 2000-2018.
  • MMR vaccine’s two doses are 97% effective in preventing measles and protecting against it for life.
• Measle Specie: Measle virus