Earth And Space & Sustainability

• Mountains and Mountain Chains


  • Large land forms that rise high above surrounding terrain and usually form sharp peaks
• Volcanoes


  Built by the accumulation of their own eruptive products
• Hills


  Elevated sections of land with notable summits
• Plains


  Flat land
• Valleys


  Land between ranges of hills or mountains
• Wetlands


  Land covered by water
• Oceans


  Cover 70.8% of the Earth and contain 97% of Earth's water
• Seas


  Smaller than oceans
• Rivers


  Flowing continuously in a long line
• Earth


  • Third planet from the sun
  • Has an atmosphere consisting of nitrogen and oxygen
  • Has very large depressions filled with water
  • Has many elevations
• Celestial navigation


  Locating places and telling directions during ancient times
• Greeks


  Were the first to establish the first system of navigation
• Great Circles


  Represent the shortest distance for navigation
• Equator


  Prime parallel
• Prime Meridian


  Vertical line
• Latitude and Longitude


  Imaginary lines
• Lines of Latitude


  • Also known as parallels
  • Run in an east-west direction
  • Are parallel to one another and never meet
  • Shorter toward the poles
  • Have to do with climate
• Tropical zone


  18 degrees Celsius
• Temperate zone


  Countries in this zone experience four seasons
• Polar zone


  Experience cold all year round
• Lines of Longitude


  • Also known as meridians
  • Run in a north-south direction
  • Are farthest apart at the equator and meet at the poles
  • Equal in length
• Geographic Coordinate System


  Coordinates are a pair of numbers
• Archipelago


  • Arkhi means chief, pelagos means sea
  • Proper name is Aegean Sea
  • May describe a group of islands
  • Formed by volcanic activity
• Erosion of large landmasses


  Geological process in which earthen materials are thrown away
• Continental Drift theory


  States that the continents were once connected as a single landmass
• Pangaea


  A supercontinent
• Alfred Wegener


  Geophysicist and meteorologist who theorized about continental drift
• Asia


  Largest continent in both size and population
• Africa


  Second largest continent
• Europe


  Home to a rich history and culture
• Australia


  • Referred to as Oceania
  • Smallest continent in terms of landmass
• North America


  Third largest continent
• South America


  Fourth largest continent
• Antarctica


  Coldest, windiest, and driest continent
• Earth's surface


  • Far from smooth, it is rugged
• Land forms


  Natural features on the surface of Earth
• Destructive processes


  Tearing down of the Earth's surface
• Constructive processes


  Processes that cause the Earth's surface to build up or rise
• Mountains and mountain chains


  • Large land forms that rise high above surrounding terrain and usually form sharp peaks
• Volcanoes


  Built by the accumulation of their own eruptive products