MATH 7 4TH QUARTER

• Statistics


  Science of collection, presentation, analysis, and reasonable interpretation of data
• Statistics presents a rigorous scientific method for gaining insight into data
• Statistics


  Branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, presentation and analysis and interpretation of data
• Fields of statistics


  • Descriptive statistics
  • Inferential statistics
• Descriptive statistics


  The collection, presentation, description and the summary of set of data without drawing inferences about the entire population
• Inferential statistics


  Methods concerned with the analysis of the sample leading to predictions or inferences about entire population
• Population


  The entire set of items from which you draw data for a statistical study
• Sample


  A smaller and more manageable representation of a larger group, a subset of a larger population that contains characteristics of that population
• Data


  Facts or figures, which are numerical or otherwise, collected with a definite purpose
• Primary data


  Data that is collected for the first time through personal experiences or evidence, particularly for research
• Secondary data


  Second-hand data that is already collected and recorded by some researchers for their purpose, and not for the current research problem
• Discrete data


  Information that can only take certain values, such as shoe size, number of teeth, number of kids
• Continuous data


  Data that can take any value, such as height, weight, temperature and length
• Types of statistical presentation of data


  • Graphical
  • Numerical
• Outlier


  An individual value that falls outside the overall pattern
• Histogram


  A graphical display of data using bars of different heights, where taller bars show that more data falls in that range
• Box plot


  A graphical image of the concentration of the data, showing how far the extreme values are from most of the data, constructed from five values: the minimum value, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum value
• Geometry


  The branch of mathematics that deals with measurements, forms, and shapes
• The origin of the word 'geometry' itself already provides a clue to what geometry is all about and that is to measure everything we can see on this planet
• Undefined terms in geometry

  • Point
  • Line
  • Plane
• The point, line, and plane cannot be defined easily because they are the building blocks of geometry
• Point


  • No length or thickness
  • No dimension
  • Represented by a dot
  • Named by a capital letter
  • Real-life representations are the tip of a pencil
• Line


  • Created by connecting at least two points
  • Infinite length but no thickness
  • One dimension
  • Referred to by a single lowercase letter or two capital letters
  • Examples: clothes line and guitar string
• Plane


  • Two-dimensional geometric figure
  • Infinite length and width
  • Represented by flat shapes like squares, triangles, or parallelograms
  • Examples: surface of study table, sheet of bond paper, floor of a house
• Space


  • Set of all points
  • Has length, width, and thickness
• Collinear points


  Two or more points that lie on the same line
• Non-collinear points


  Two or more points that do not lie on the same line
• Coplanar points


  Two or more points that lie on the same plane
• Non-coplanar points


  Two or more points that do not lie on the same plane
• Intersecting lines


  • Lines that have a common point
• Parallel lines


  • Lines that have the same distance apart and will never intersect
• Angle


  • Two different rays that have the same endpoint
  • The common endpoint of the rays is called the vertex
  • The rays are called the sides
• geo


  earth
• metron


  measure
• Graphical Presentation


  We look for the overall pattern and for striking deviations from that pattern. Over all pattern usually described by shape, center, and spread of the data. An individual value that falls outside the overall pattern is called an outlier.
• Bar diagram and Pie charts are used for categorical variables
• Histogram, stem and leaf and Box-plot are used for numerical variable
• To denote the measure of an angle we write an “m” in front of the symbol for the angle.
• Congruent angles 


  So, two angles are congruent if and only if they have the same measure.
• An acute angle is an angle that measures less than 90 degrees