Plant Form and Function

• Botany

  The scientific study of plants, including

  their physiology, structure, genetics,

  ecology, distribution, classification, and

  economic importance.
• What is the main function of the central vacuole in a plant cell?

  Stores fluid to keep the cell erected
• Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

  Chloroplasts
• What type of cells contain a single set of chromosomes

  Haploid cells
• Where are apical meristems found in a plant?

  At or near the tips of roots and shoots.
• What do lateral meristems produce in plants?

  Tissues that increase the girth of roots and stems.
• What is the function of vascular cambium in plants?

  Generate the phloem and xylem of the vascular system, which are used in supporting and transporting.
• Which type of tissue is a living supportive tissue that provides flexible support for growing and mature organs?

  Collenchyma
• Where are intercalary meristems found?

  In grasses or internode
• What is the main function of phloem tissue?

  Transportation of sugars and mechanical support
• Which type of tissue is composed of epidermal and stomata cells and is covered with cuticle?

  Epidermis
• What are the main functions of xylem?

  Transportation and mechanical support
• what is the characteristic of taproots?


  long and thick roots
• which part of a leaf is the main site for transpiration?


  blade
• Insect-trapping leaves in carnivorous plants like nepenthes make nectar to attract insects and have a waxy layer for what purpose?


  to degrade insects
• which part of the flower aid in reproduction through pollination?


  pistil
• what is the part of a leaf that includes the apex, margin, veins, and midrib?


  epipodium
• what do thorns on plants primarily serve as?


  mechanical defense
• What Sets Plants Apart?

  Multicellular and Eukaryotic

  Sessile

  Have well-developed tissues organized

  into specialized tissues like roots, stems,

  and leaves.

  Mostly autotrophic

  Surrounded by cell walls

  Store reserved food
• Diploid – cells with 2 sets of chromosomes
• Simple – made up of a single type of cells

  (Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma)
• Complex – made up of more than 1 type of

  cells (xylem, phloem, epidermis, periderm)
• Permanent Tissues – tissues produced by the

  meristems
• Root development – When a seed germinates, a

  tiny, root-like radicle, a part of the embryo within

  it, grows out and develops into the first root
• Symplastic Route - through the cytoplasm and

  plasmodesmata
• Exocarp – peel of the fruits

  Mesocarp – fleshy part

  Endocarp – seed inside