Couples- Families and Households Sociologists

• Parsons

  Instrumental and Expressive roles
• Young and Wilmott

  Symmetrical family
• Bott

  Joint and segregated conjugal roles
• Oakley

  15% of husbands had high level participation in housework. 25% had a high level of participation in childcare
• Boulton

  Women take responsibility for children's security and wellbeing
• Warde and Hetherington

  Sex-typing of domestic tasks remained strong
• Gershuny


  Men whose wives worked full-time did more domestic work
• Schor

  Commercialisation of housework has led to the death of the housewife role
• Hochchild

  Emotion work
• Dunne


  Heterosexuals are under pressure to conform to deeply ingrained masculine and feminine gender scripts by performing different kinds of domestic tasks to confirm their gender identities
• Kempson


  Found that women in low income families denied their own needs to make ends meet
• Barrett and Mclntosh

  Men gain more from women's domestic work than they give back in financial support. The financial support that husbands gave to their wives is often unpredictable and comes with strings attached. Men usually make the decisions about spending on important items
• Pahl and Vogler


  Pooling and allowance system
• Finch


  Women's lives tend to be structured around their husband's careers
• Hardill

  The mans career normally took priority when deciding whether to move house for a new job
• Edgell


  Very important important decisions made mainly by husband or both but husband has final say about finance or moving homes. Important decisions made jointly about children's education. Less important decisions usually made by wife about home décor or children's clothing
• Laurie and Gershuny


  Women who were high earning well qualified professionals were more likely to have equal say
• Yearnshire


  Found that on average a woman suffers 35 assaults before reporting abuse
• Dar


  Victims felt that it is not a matter of the police or it's too trivial or from fear of reprisal
• Duncombe and Marsden 


  Triple shift