Introduction to the Human Cardiovascular System
Cards (62)
- Hydra- only 2-3 cells- uses diffusion to digest food & transport nutrients- uses Gastrovascular cavity
- 2 types of circulatory system- open circulatory- close circulatory
- Hemolymph - body fluid in insects where the heart pumps to distribute throughout the body.
- Closed Circulatory System - has circulatory fluid called blood
- Cardiovascular system is transport system of the body
- Conveying media - is liquid in form of blood
- Function of Cardiovascular System
- transport nutrients, hormones
- remove waste products
- gaseous exchange
- immunity
- blood vessels transport blood
- heart pumps blood through blood vessels
- components of Cardiovascular System
- blood
- heart
- blood vessels
- Blood & Plasma - transporting molecules
- Erythrocytes - Red blood cells
- Leukocytes - White blood cells
- Thrombocytes - Blood platelets which help in blood clothing
- Heart
- a four chambered, hollow muscular organ
- Location:
- Superior surface of diaphgram- Left of the midline- Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum - Inferior Vena Cava
- largest vein of the body
- carries de-oxygenated blood blood back from the lower part of the body to the right atrium of the heart
- Superior Vena Cava
- above the heart
- carries de-oxygenated blood from the head & arms to the right atrium of the heart
- Aorta is the largest artery of the body
- Left iliac artery: left pelvis & leg
- Right iliac artery: right pelvis & leg
- Iliac artery continues down ito the leg as the femoral artery & its branches
- Functions of the Heart:
- generating blood pressure
- routing blood - heart seperates pulmonary & systematic circulations
- Ensuring one-way blood flow - heart values ensure one-way flow
- regulating blood supply - changes in contraction rate & force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs
- Blood Vessels: a closed network tubes
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
- Arteries are thick walled, muscular vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- Capillaries: bring the blood from arteries
- Veins: carry blood back to the heart
- General Structure:
- Tunica Intima
- Tunica Media
- Tunica adventitia
- Four Chambers of the heart
- Two Artria - receive blood
- Two Ventricles - pump blood
- Antrioventricular valve - between atria & ventricles
- Semilunar Valve - between the left ventricle & aorta
- Valve - prevents the backflow of blood when it is pumped
- Classification of Blood Vessels:
- Conduction vessels
- Distributing Vessels
- Resistance Vessels
- Exchange Vessels
- Capacitance/Reservoir Vessels
- Classification of Arteries:
- Elastic
- Muscular
- Arterioles
- Types of veins: Small, Medium, Large
- Anastomosis - communication between vessels
- Arterial: Actual, Potential
- Arteriovenous Anastomosis:
- skin of nose
- lips
- external ear
- mucus membrane of GI & nose
- erectile tissue of sex organ
- thyroid
- tongue
- End Arteries
- central of retina
- Arteries of spleen, liver, kidneys, metaphyses of long bones
- central branches of cerebral cortex
- Circulation:
- coronary circulation: circulation of blood within the heart
- pulmonary circulation: flow of blood between the heart & lungs
- systematic circulation: flow of blood between the heart & the cells
- Diseases & Disorders:
- blood pressure
- Haemorrhage/stroke
- Arteriosclerosis
- Aneurysm
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Heart attack
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Anemia, hemophilia, & leukemia
- Cardiac Cycle - Heart contraction & relaxation occurs in rhythmic cycle
- Contraction (systole) - pumps blood
- relaxation (diastole) - receive blood
- One cycle last for 0.8 second if your heart is at 72 beats per minute