Carbohydrates

• facts about glucose?


  -main sugar needed for respiration

  -soluble, easily transported, easily taken up by cells, immediately usable in respiration to release energy

  -building blocks of glycogen/starch
• facts about fructose?

  -sweet, found in fruit

  -building block of sucrose
• Facts about galactolose?


  with glucose, forms lactose

  found in mammalian milk
• how are polysaccharides formed?

  by a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond.

  it forms between carbon 1 and carbon 4
• maltose?

  glucose + glucose
• Sucrose?


  glucose+fructose
• Lactose?

  glucose + galactose
• Glycogen?


  storage form of glucose in animals (in liver and muscles)

  insoluble
• Starch?

  storage form of glucose in plants

  insoluble
• Amylose?

  straight chain, no branches, forms a coil
• Amylopectin?

  straight chain with branches at regular intervals, alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds join chains
• Lipids share characteristics of?

  being insoluble in water

  being soluble in organic solvents e.g ethanol
• triglycerides?

  storage forms of energy in organisms

  used in respiration

  supply twice as much energy per unit as carbohydrates

  source of essential fatty acids
• Phospholipids?

  in cell membranes
• Steroids?


  cholesterol:in cell membrane

  building block of steroid hormones (estrogen and testosterone)
• what do steroids do?

  • Move into nucleus
  • Permanently alters the genetic material
• What bond are monosaccharides joined by?

  Glycosidic
• What reaction are monosaccharides joined by?

  Condensation reaction
• What reaction takes place to break apart monosaccharides?

  Hydrolysis reaction
• What bond is amylopectin joined by?

  1-4 and 1-6 glycoscidic bonds with many side branches
• what kind of bond join glycogen?

  1-4 and 1-6 bonds with more side branches that amylopectin