Quinoline

• Cuprea bark

  ▪ Bark: Has a copper-red color, is hard, compact,

  and heavy

  ▪ Remijia purdieana; R. pedunculata (Rubiaceae)

  Constituent/s and use/s

  ▪ 2-6% alkaloids of which 1/3 may be quinine

  ▪ Commercial source of quinidine
• Cinchona Bark

  ▪ Cinchona succirubra aka Red Cinchona

  ▪ Cinchona calisaya aka Yellow Cinchona

  ▪ Named in honor of Countess of Chinchon; and

  from the Latin word, succirubra meaning red

  juice

  NOTE: Hybrids of Cinchona ledgeriana-Cinchona

  calisaya produce a higher yield of alkaloids than

  the parent species.
• Cinchona Bark

  Constituent/s and uses:

  ▪ Quinidine – antiarrhythmic

  ▪ Quinine – antimalarial; in the US, it was used in the

  preparation of tonic water

  ▪ Cinchonine

  ▪ Cinchonidine

  ▪ Cinchotannic acid

  NOTE: alkaloids are chiefly formed in the parenchymal

  cells of the middle layer of the bark
• Cinchona Bark

  Overdose: (cinchona products)

  ▪ Loss of hearing

  ▪ Impaired sight

  ▪ Ringing of the ear (symptom of toxicity)

  ▪ Cinchonism – It is the term used when the symptoms are

  produced as the result of continuous use of cinchona or

  of quinine

  NOTE:

  Thalleioquin test is identification test for quinine/quinidine
• Quinidine gluconate

  ▪ Available in sustained release tablets

  ▪ Also available in as intravenously administered agent: drug of choice in treatment of

  severe, life-threatening malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum
• Quinidine polygalacturonate

  ▪ Has controlled and more uniform absorption through the intestinal mucosa than does quinidine sulfate

  ▪ Advantage: produces lower incidence of gastrointestinal irritation
• Quinidine

  ▪ Stereoisomer of quinine

  ▪ Present in cinchona barks to the extent of 0.25 to 1.25%