CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (LESSON 1)

• Circulatory System - responsible for transporting throughout the body oxygenated blood for the heart and lungs via arteries
• Deoxygenated or oxygen-depleted blood is returned to its origin through the vein
• The cardiovascular system consists of three main components: the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
• The lymphatic system consists of three main components: lymph, lymph nodes, and vessels
• The circulatory system consists of two main components: the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system
• Heart - is a hollow muscular organs that has a four chambers and surrounded by thin-fluid filled sac called pericardium
• Epicardium - thin, watery membrane on the outer layer of the heart. *attached to the pericardium*
• Pericardium - Is the membrane that encloses that encloses the heart and roots of the major heart vessels. *protects the heart and prevents friction during heart contractions*
• Parietal pericardium - consists of dense connective tissue that protects the heart and maintains its position within the thoracic cavity
• Visceral pericardium - envelops the heart and forms epicardium which is the most superficial layer of the heart.
• Two layers of pericardium form the pericardial sac and this normally contains clear, straw-colored fluid called pericardial fluid.
• Myocardium - thick layer of cardiac muscle in the middle of the heart *pumps blood into arteries by contracting*
• Endocardium - thin layer of epithelial cells in the inner layer of the heart *lines the valves and interior chambers*
• What are the three layers of the heart?

  • Epicardium
  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
• What are the two layers of the epicardium?

  • Parietal pericardium
  • Visceral pericardium
• What are the four chambers of the heart?

  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
• Right atrium - it received deoxygenated blood from the body; upper right chamber
• Right ventricle - receives the blood from the right atrium and pumps into the pulmonary artery; lower right chamber
• Left atrium - receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into left ventricles; upper left chamber
• Left ventricle - receives blood from left atrium and pumps it into aorta; lower left chamber
• What are the two valves of the heart?

  • Right AV (atrioventricular) valve
  • Left AV (atrioventricular) valve
• Right AV (atrioventricular) valve - tricuspid valve located between the RA and RV; closes as the RV contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the RA
• Left AV (atrioventricular) valve - bicuspid and mitral valve located between the LA and LV; closes as the LV contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the LA
• What are the 2 SEPTA?

  • Interatrial Septum
  • Interventricular Septum
• Interatrial Septum - partition that separates from RA from LA
• Interventricular Septum - separates the RV from the LV
• Coronary Circulation - supplies the blood and also provides drainage from the tissues; composed of left and right coronary arteries and coronary veins.
• Vascular system - the loop which consists of a system of blood vessels through which blood is circulated to the rest of the body
• What are the 2 divisions of the vascular system?

  • Pulmonary circulation
  • systematic circulation
• What are the 5 structure of the vascular system?

  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Veins
  • Venules
  • Capillaries
• Blood vessel structure layers

  • Tunica Adventitia (outer connective tissue)
  • Tunica Media (middle muscle and elastic fiber)
  • Tunica intima (inner, endothelial cells)
• What are the 3 blood vessel structure?

  • Layers
  • Lumen
  • Valves
• Give at least 5 disorders of the vascular system?

  • Aneurysm
  • Embolism
  • Embolus
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Phlebitis
• Blood - Is the red fluid that transported throughout the body through the circulatory system
• What are the two composition of blood?

  • Arterial blood
  • Venous blood
• Human blood - composed of plasma and other formed elements; contains gases, minerals, carbs & lipids, proteins, etc
• Plasma - a clear, straw-colored liquid proportion of the blood which is 90% water
• Give the three components of blood?

  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
  • Thrombocytes (Platelets)
• What are the three blood specimen that are collected for blood typing?

  • Serum
  • Plasma
  • Whole blood
• Give at least 5 blood disorders?

  • Anemia
  • Leukemia
  • Leukocytosis
  • Leukopenia
  • Polycythemia