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2ND SEM
BIO 30 LEC: Genetics
Lesson 5: People
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Cards (26)
Chemical composition of chromosomes:
lipids
proteins
(histones/proteins or non histone)
nucleic
acids
(DNA and RNA)
6 characteristics of genetic material:
Can
duplicate
itself
Stable
molecular structure
Mutation
is duplicated
faithfully
Carry
biological
information
Transmit
information
Stored
information
1830s
: Greek "
proteios
" meaning 'of first importance'
Friedrich Miescher
: pus cells, isolated from nucleus called it nuclein
Ernst Haeckel
: discovered nucleus
Edmund Wilson
: used stain technique to determine most important element (DNA)
Frederick
Griffith
: did transformation using Streptococcus pneumoniae
Frederick
Griffith
: declared presence of transforming
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty
:
Transforming principle as DNA
Alfred
Hershey
and
Martha
Chase
:
Proved DNA is bacterial virus.
DNA is labeled with
32
, protein is labeled
35S
Hershey
and
Chase
did the blender technique
The
blender
experiment separates phages from bacteria
Norton
Zinder
,
Joshua
and
Esther
Lederberg
:
Nobel Prize for genetic research
Norton
Zinder
,
Joshua
and
Esther
Lederberg
:
transduction experiment in Salmonella typhimurium
Francis Crick
:
Univ College London involved in magnetic mines
James D. Watson
:
Child prodigy and did labelling of phage DNA
Maurice Wilkins
:
Manhattan project and worked on
x-ray
diffraction of
DNA
Rosalind Franklin
:
expert on X-ray diffraction, joined Kings College
Rosalind Franklin
,
Gosling
and
Maurice Wilkins
:
helical DNA, sugar, and phosphate outside, nucleotide inside
James Watson and Francis Crick
:
triple helix, phosphate in center
John Griffith
:
Nucleotides are flat, Pairing AT and CG
Erwin Chargaff
:
Purine-Pyrimidine (Chargaff's Rule)
Jerry Donohue
:
H in bases can change position, possibility in H-bonding
2 Publication of watson and crick:
Molecular
Structure of
Nucleic Acid
Genetic
Implications of the Structure
DNA
Nobel Prize Winner for Configuration of DNA:
Watson, Crick, Wilkins