Lesson 5: People

• Chemical composition of chromosomes:

  • lipids
  • proteins (histones/proteins or non histone)
  • nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
• 6 characteristics of genetic material:

  • Can duplicate itself
  • Stable molecular structure
  • Mutation is duplicated faithfully
  • Carry biological information
  • Transmit information
  • Stored information
• 1830s: Greek "proteios" meaning 'of first importance'
• Friedrich Miescher: pus cells, isolated from nucleus called it nuclein
• Ernst Haeckel: discovered nucleus
• Edmund Wilson: used stain technique to determine most important element (DNA)
• Frederick Griffith: did transformation using Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Frederick Griffith: declared presence of transforming
• Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty:

  Transforming principle as DNA
• Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase:

  Proved DNA is bacterial virus.
• DNA is labeled with 32, protein is labeled 35S
• Hershey and Chase did the blender technique
• The blender experiment separates phages from bacteria
• Norton Zinder, Joshua and Esther Lederberg:

  Nobel Prize for genetic research
• Norton Zinder, Joshua and Esther Lederberg:

  transduction experiment in Salmonella typhimurium
• Francis Crick:

  Univ College London involved in magnetic mines
• James D. Watson:

  Child prodigy and did labelling of phage DNA
• Maurice Wilkins:

  Manhattan project and worked on x-ray diffraction of DNA
• Rosalind Franklin:

  expert on X-ray diffraction, joined Kings College
• Rosalind Franklin, Gosling and Maurice Wilkins:

  helical DNA, sugar, and phosphate outside, nucleotide inside
• James Watson and Francis Crick:

  triple helix, phosphate in center
• John Griffith:

  Nucleotides are flat, Pairing AT and CG
• Erwin Chargaff:

  Purine-Pyrimidine (Chargaff's Rule)
• Jerry Donohue:

  H in bases can change position, possibility in H-bonding
• 2 Publication of watson and crick:

  • Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acid
  • Genetic Implications of the Structure DNA
• Nobel Prize Winner for Configuration of DNA:

  Watson, Crick, Wilkins