Music

• It can be performed by individuals or groups using instruments, voices, or both.
• Themes were developed through imitation (repeating musical ideas)
• Music is often used to convey emotions, ideas, stories, and other information
• It is one of the universal cultural expressions, reflecting individual and national characteristics, ideas, emotions, traditions, and beliefs.
• In the Middle Ages, music was primarily religious and written in Latin
• The start of the 20th century saw the rise of distinct musical styles that reflected a move away from the conventions of earlier Western classical music
• New styles of the 20th century


  • Impressionism
  • Expressionism
  • Neo-Classicism
  • Avant-Grade Music
  • Modern Nationalism
• Impressionism


  Based on the art movement started by 19th century Paris-based visual artist, specifically Claude Monet through his painting "Impression Sunrise"
• Impressionism


  • Extensive use of different timbre and effects
  • Vague melodies
  • Innovative chords
  • Non-traditional harmonic order and resolution
• "Impression Sunrise" is a painting by Claude Monet
• Claude Debussy


  One of the most important and influential 20th century composers
• Claude Debussy


  Primary exponent of the impressionist movement
• Claude Debussy


  • Changed the course of musical development by evolving traditional rules and conventions into a new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture and color
• Claude Debussy was born


  August 22, 1862
• Claude Debussy's early musical education

  1. Piano lessons

  2. Entered Paris conservatory in 1873

  3. Won top prize at the Prix de Rome in 1884
• Claude Debussy's musical compositions total more or less 227
• Types of music composed by Claude Debussy

  • Orchestral music
  • Chamber music
  • Piano music
  • Operas
  • Ballets
  • Songs
  • Other vocal music
• Composers admired by Claude Debussy

  • Franz Liszt
  • Frederick Chopin
  • Johann Sebastian Bach
  • Guiseppe Verdi
  • Richard Wagner
• Claude Debussy was fascinated by the Javanese Gamelan that he heard at the 1889 Paris Exposition
• Claude Debussy


  Named "The Father of the Modern School of Composition"
• Famous compositions by Claude Debussy


  • Claire de Lune
  • La Mer
• Claude Debussy died of cancer in Paris on March 25, 1918
• Maurice Ravel


  One of the greatest trendsetters of the 20th century
• Maurice Ravel was born


  1875
• Maurice Ravel's early musical education


  1. Entered Paris Conservatory at age 14

  2. Composed a number of masterpieces during his time at the school
• Maurice Ravel's composition style


  • Unique innovative but not atonal style of harmonic treatment
• Maurice Ravel composed approximately 60 pieces for piano, chamber music, ballet, and operas
• Composers admired by Maurice Ravel


  • Chopin
  • Liszt
  • Schubert
• Famous composition by Maurice Ravel


  • Bolero
• Maurice Ravel died in Paris in 1937
• Expressionism


  Term first applied to music in 1918, especially to Arnold Schoenberg
• Expressionism


  • Emotions taken to the extreme
  • Disturbing, unsettling, and sometimes violent
  • Lacking stable and conventional harmonies
  • Medium for expressing strong emotions such as anxiety and rage
• Arnold Schoenberg was born


  1874
• Arnold Schoenberg taught himself music theory and was influenced by Richard Wagner
• Works by Arnold Schoenberg


  • Pelleas und Melisande
  • Three Pieces of Piano
  • Verklarte Nacht
• Arnold Schoenberg composed approximately 213 musical compositions
• Primitivism


  Describes the condition or quality that belongs to something crude and unrefined
• Primitivism


  • Combines two familiar or simple ideas together creating new sounds
• Igor Stravinsky was born


  1882
• Igor Stravinsky


  One of the greatest trendsetters of the 20th century