Hydrometeorological Hazards

• A Hydrometeorological hazard is a "process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or govenrnmental damage" (UNISDR, 2007).
• Hydrometeorological hazards can be single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects.
• El Niño - is associated with having having no rain, hence the fear od drought and and consequently dried-up fields and low water levels in dams and reserviors for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses.
•  El Niño means The Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish.
•  The term El Niño refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific.
• La Niña - is associated with heavy rainfall and and hazards such as flood.
• La Niña means The Little Girl in Spanish
• La Niña is also sometimes called El Viejo, anti-El Niño, or simply "a cold event."
• La Nina is considered to be the counterpart to El Nino
• During a La Niña year, winter temperatures are warmer than normal in the Southeast and cooler than normal in the Northwest.
• A Tropical Cyclones (also called typhoon or hurricane) is an intense low pressure system with a minimum sustained wind velocity of 35 kilometers per hour (KPH)
• The term "tropical‟ refers to both the geographic origin of these systems, which form almost exclusively in tropical regions of the globe, and their formation in maritime tropical air masses.
• The term "cyclone‟ refers to such storms‟ cyclonic nature, with counter clockwise rotation in Northern Hemisphere and clockwise rotation in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The Tropical Cyclones has an eye which is 10 to 100 kilometers in diameter.
• ea where the wind is light and clam and there's no rain. There is an Eye Wall where the precipitation is heaviest and the wind is strongest. Spiral rain bands arround the eye (PAGASA-DOST 2006a) 
• Floods Affect low-lying areas and coastal areas, due to the overflowing of water from lakes, streams, and other bodies of water.
• The accumulation of rainwater in drainages also causes flood, particularly in urban areas. 
• Flood can caused by natural or human activities
• River Flood- is caused by the overflowing of rivers when the run-off exceeds the capacity of the channels.
• Flash Flood- is caused by a very short period of unusually heavy rainfall. 
• Coastal Flood- occurs when strong onshore winds push the water inland.
• Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide.
• Wind/Pressure Effect. The Stronger the wind of the tropical cyclone and the lower the atmospheric pressure, the higher the storm surge.
• Rainfall effect. Heavy rains associated with an intemse tropical cyclone add to the total sea level near the coast
• Tidal Effect. If surge coincides with the occurrence of high tide, water level will be higher than when it occures during low tide conditions 
• Shape of the Coastline and slope of the sea bed. The Shallower the slope, the higher the surge to the coastal communities.
• Thunderstorm It is a localized storm cloud that produces lightning and thunder, and often brings heavy rain or hail as well as strong gusty winds
• .The typical thunderstorm is 5 kilometers in diameter and lasts an acerage of 30 minutes, although some may last longer.
• The basic ingredients used to make a thunderstorm are moisture, unstable air and lift.
• You need moisture to form clouds and rain.
• A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from the base of a thunderstorm down to the ground.
• In the Philippines, it is called buhawi or ipo-ipo. It acts like a vacuum cleaner, sucking and carrying aloft objects along its path such as trees, structures, or debris. It is also known as twister. 
• When a tornado occurs or moves over a body of water, this is called waterspout.
• Whole a Tornado can be predicted through the use of Dopler Radar,
• Drought is a lack of rainfall for normal needs.
• A drought or drouth is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric (below-average precipitation), surface water or ground water.
• A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days.
• Drought is a cyclical event so it can be predicted.
• signal#1 - Kindergarten
• Signal #2 - Kindergarten, Elem. , HS