Active transport

• Active transport

  The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy from cellular respiration
• Active transport

  • Occurs across a membrane
  • Requires special proteins in the membrane to transfer molecules
• Energy for active transport

  Comes from cellular respiration, the process that happens mainly in the mitochondria when they break down glucose to release energy
• ATP

  Molecules that act like little batteries, taking the energy from the mitochondria to the different parts of the cell that need it
• Active transport

  1. Movement of molecules across a cell membrane

  2. From a region of lower concentration

  3. To a region of higher concentration

  4. Requiring energy from cellular respiration
• Root hair cells

  • Adapted to absorb water and mineral ions
  • Have long hair-like protrusions to increase surface area
  • Have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
• Mineral ions needed by plants

  At higher concentration inside root hair cells than in the soil, so they must use active transport to absorb them
• Active transport

  The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy from cellular respiration
• Diffusion


  The process by which substances move down their concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, a passive process that does not require energy
• Active transport

  • Always takes place across a membrane
  • Requires special proteins that sit in the membrane and transfer the molecule from one side to the other
• Cellular respiration

  The process that happens mainly in the mitochondria when they break down glucose to release energy, responsible for all of the energy that the cell uses
• ATP

  Molecules that act like little batteries, taking the energy from the mitochondria to the different parts of the cell that need it
• Root hair cells

  • Adapted to absorb water and mineral ions by having long hair-like protrusions to increase surface area
  • Have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
• Mineral ions needed by plants

  At a higher concentration inside the cell than outside in the soil, so they cannot be absorbed by diffusion and must use active transport